Siege of Babylon (331 BC)
E374350
The Siege of Babylon (331 BC) was the largely unopposed occupation of the wealthy Persian city of Babylon by Alexander the Great following his decisive victory over Darius III, marking a key step in the Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Fall of Babylon to Alexander the Great | 1 |
| Siege of Babylon | 1 |
| Siege of Babylon (331 BC) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3626245 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Siege of Babylon (331 BC) Context triple: [Battle of Gaugamela, followedBy, Siege of Babylon (331 BC)]
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A.
Siege of Babylon Fortress
The Siege of Babylon Fortress was a pivotal early 7th-century engagement in which Rashidun forces captured the Byzantine stronghold near modern Cairo, opening the way for the Muslim conquest and Islamization of Egypt.
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B.
Siege of Susa
The Siege of Susa was a key engagement during Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, in which his forces captured the wealthy ceremonial capital of Susa.
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C.
Siege of Halicarnassus
The Siege of Halicarnassus was a key early battle in Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire, in which he captured the heavily fortified Carian capital on the coast of Asia Minor.
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D.
Siege of Nineveh
The Siege of Nineveh (612 BC) was the decisive Babylonian and Median assault that destroyed the Assyrian capital of Nineveh and led to the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
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E.
Siege of Tyre
The Siege of Tyre was Alexander the Great’s famous 332 BC assault on the heavily fortified Phoenician island city, marked by the construction of a massive causeway and resulting in a decisive Macedonian victory that secured control of the eastern Mediterranean.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Siege of Babylon (331 BC) Target entity description: The Siege of Babylon (331 BC) was the largely unopposed occupation of the wealthy Persian city of Babylon by Alexander the Great following his decisive victory over Darius III, marking a key step in the Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
-
A.
Siege of Babylon Fortress
The Siege of Babylon Fortress was a pivotal early 7th-century engagement in which Rashidun forces captured the Byzantine stronghold near modern Cairo, opening the way for the Muslim conquest and Islamization of Egypt.
-
B.
Siege of Susa
The Siege of Susa was a key engagement during Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, in which his forces captured the wealthy ceremonial capital of Susa.
-
C.
Siege of Halicarnassus
The Siege of Halicarnassus was a key early battle in Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire, in which he captured the heavily fortified Carian capital on the coast of Asia Minor.
-
D.
Siege of Nineveh
The Siege of Nineveh (612 BC) was the decisive Babylonian and Median assault that destroyed the Assyrian capital of Nineveh and led to the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
-
E.
Siege of Tyre
The Siege of Tyre was Alexander the Great’s famous 332 BC assault on the heavily fortified Phoenician island city, marked by the construction of a massive causeway and resulting in a decisive Macedonian victory that secured control of the eastern Mediterranean.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
event in ancient history
ⓘ
military campaign ⓘ siege ⓘ |
| acceptedBy | Babylonian priestly elites ⓘ |
| after | Battle of Gaugamela ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Achaemenid satrap Mazaeus ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Macedon ⓘ
surface form:
Macedonian Empire
|
| captured | Babylon ⓘ |
| capturedFrom | Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| cause |
Alexander’s pursuit of Darius III after Gaugamela
ⓘ
Invasion of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ
surface form:
Macedonian invasion of the Achaemenid Empire
|
| characteristic |
largely unopposed occupation
ⓘ
peaceful surrender of the city ⓘ welcoming reception of Alexander by Babylonian elites ⓘ |
| commander | Alexander the Great ⓘ |
| conflict | Wars of Alexander the Great ⓘ |
| date | 331 BC ⓘ |
| economicImpact | gave Alexander access to Babylon’s wealth ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Macedonian advance into the Persian heartland
ⓘ
Siege of Susa ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod |
Hellenistic period
ⓘ
late Achaemenid period ⓘ |
| locatedInPresentDay | Iraq ⓘ |
| location |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Babylon ⓘ Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| militaryAspect |
minimal direct fighting
ⓘ
negotiated surrender ⓘ |
| opposingCommander | Darius III ⓘ |
| outcome |
enhanced Alexander’s prestige in the Near East
ⓘ
key step in the fall of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ secured a major administrative and economic center ⓘ |
| partOf |
Invasion of the Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
surface form:
Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire
Wars of Alexander the Great ⓘ |
| politicalImpact |
strengthened Alexander’s claim as successor to the Achaemenid kings
ⓘ
undermined Darius III’s authority ⓘ |
| precededBy | Battle of Gaugamela ⓘ |
| recognizedAs | turning point in Alexander’s Asian campaign ⓘ |
| recordedIn |
Babylonian astronomical diaries
ⓘ
ancient Greek historical sources ⓘ |
| result |
Babylon surrendered largely without resistance
ⓘ
Macedonian victory ⓘ occupation of Babylon by Alexander the Great ⓘ |
| significance |
marked Macedonian control over Mesopotamia
ⓘ
opened the way to Susa and Persepolis ⓘ symbolic transfer of power from Persia to Macedonia ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Siege of Babylon (331 BC) Description of subject: The Siege of Babylon (331 BC) was the largely unopposed occupation of the wealthy Persian city of Babylon by Alexander the Great following his decisive victory over Darius III, marking a key step in the Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Siege of Babylon
this entity surface form:
Fall of Babylon to Alexander the Great