Bell System

E33427

telecommunications company telephone monopoly vertically integrated utility

The Bell System was the historic, vertically integrated telephone monopoly in the United States, led by AT&T, that dominated telecommunications services and research for much of the 20th century.

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All labels observed (9)

Label	Occurrences
Bell System canonical	25
AT&T Bell System	2
Bell Telephone System	2
AT&T Long Lines	1
Bell System (historical predecessor)	1
Bell System local operating companies	1
Bell System monopoly	1
Bell telephone system	1
Ma Bell	1

Statements (67)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	telecommunications company ⓘ telephone monopoly ⓘ vertically integrated utility ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Bell System ⓘ surface form: Bell telephone system Bell System ⓘ surface form: Ma Bell
antitrustAction	1913 Kingsbury Commitment ⓘ 1982 consent decree leading to divestiture ⓘ
businessModel	vertical integration of local, long-distance, equipment, and research ⓘ
component	AT&T ⓘ surface form: AT&T Communications Bell System self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: AT&T Long Lines Bell Operating Companies ⓘ Bell Telephone Laboratories ⓘ Western Electric ⓘ Yellow Pages operations ⓘ regional operating companies ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
dissolutionAgreement	Modification of Final Judgment ⓘ
dissolutionLegalBasis	United States v. AT&T ⓘ
dissolvedBy	AT&T breakup ⓘ divestiture of AT&T ⓘ
endDate	1984 ⓘ
foundedBy	Alexander Graham Bell ⓘ Gardiner Greene Hubbard ⓘ Thomas Sanders ⓘ
headquartersLocation	New York City ⓘ
historicalImpact	created model for regulated natural monopolies in utilities ⓘ shaped U.S. telecommunications policy in the 20th century ⓘ
industry	telecommunications ⓘ telephone service ⓘ
knownFor	end-to-end control of U.S. telephone network ⓘ extensive research in telecommunications ⓘ standardization of telephone equipment ⓘ
legalStatus	subject to antitrust regulation ⓘ
manufacturedBy	Western Electric ⓘ
marketPosition	dominant provider of telephone service in the United States ⓘ
monopolyType	regulated monopoly ⓘ
networkType	Public Switched Telephone Network ⓘ
notableInnovation	support for development of UNIX at Bell Labs ⓘ support for development of information theory at Bell Labs ⓘ support for development of transistor at Bell Labs ⓘ
originatedFrom	Bell Telephone Company ⓘ surface form: American Bell Telephone Company Bell Telephone Company ⓘ
parentOrganization	American Telephone and Telegraph Company ⓘ
peakPeriod	mid-20th century ⓘ
providedService	directory services ⓘ local telephone service ⓘ long-distance telephone service ⓘ telecommunications research and development ⓘ telephone equipment leasing ⓘ
regulatedBy	Federal Communications Commission ⓘ state public utility commissions ⓘ
researchArm	Bell Telephone Laboratories ⓘ
serviceArea	Hawaii ⓘ contiguous United States ⓘ surface form: continental United States parts of Canada (historically, via affiliates) ⓘ
shortName	AT&T ⓘ
startDate	1877 ⓘ
successor	American Telephone and Telegraph Company ⓘ surface form: AT&T Corp. Ameritech ⓘ Verizon ⓘ surface form: Bell Atlantic BellSouth ⓘ NYNEX ⓘ Pacific Telesis ⓘ Regional Bell Operating Companies ⓘ Southwestern Bell ⓘ surface form: Southwestern Bell Corporation US West ⓘ
telephoneStandard	POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) ⓘ

Referenced by (35)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Bell System Technical Journal → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ

Western Electric → collaboratedWith → Bell System ⓘ

Western Electric → partOf → Bell System ⓘ

American Telephone and Telegraph Company → parentOf → Bell System ⓘ

American Telephone and Telegraph Company → operated → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell System local operating companies

BSTJ → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ

subject surface form: Bell System Technical Journal

Bell System → alsoKnownAs → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Ma Bell

Bell System → alsoKnownAs → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell telephone system

Bell System → component → Bell System self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: AT&T Long Lines

Spaceship Earth → sponsor → Bell System ⓘ

Northern Electric → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ

Bell Telephone Company → successor → Bell System ⓘ

Bell Telephone Company → partOf → Bell System ⓘ

Theme from "The Bell Telephone Hour" → commissionedBy → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell Telephone System

Theme from "The Bell Telephone Hour" → linkedToBrand → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell Telephone System

Hawthorne Works → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ

AT&T → predecessor → Bell System ⓘ

Southwestern Bell → originatedFrom → Bell System ⓘ

Enos M. Barton → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ

United States v. AT&T → concerns → Bell System ⓘ

Regional Bell Operating Companies → createdFrom → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: AT&T Bell System

1913 Kingsbury Commitment → appliesTo → Bell System ⓘ

1913 Kingsbury Commitment → relatedTo → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell System monopoly

NYNEX → parentCompany → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bell System (historical predecessor)

Bell Operating Companies → originatedFrom → Bell System ⓘ

Bell Operating Companies → componentOfBefore1984 → Bell System ⓘ

MCI v. AT&T → relatedConcept → Bell System ⓘ

Bell wordmark (historical) → associatedCompany → Bell System ⓘ

EPCOT opening-day pavilions → sponsor → Bell System ⓘ

subject surface form: Spaceship Earth (EPCOT pavilion)

"The Bell Telephone Hour" → producer → Bell System ⓘ

subject surface form: The Bell Telephone Hour

"The Bell Telephone Hour" → sponsor → Bell System ⓘ

subject surface form: The Bell Telephone Hour

Baby Bells → originatedFrom → Bell System ⓘ

this entity surface form: AT&T Bell System

SWBT → partOf → Bell System ⓘ

subject surface form: Southwestern Bell Telephone Company

SWB → associatedWith → Bell System ⓘ