Epistemology Naturalized
E319085
Epistemology Naturalized is W.V.O. Quine’s influential proposal to reconceive traditional epistemology as a branch of empirical psychology, focusing on how humans actually form beliefs rather than on a priori justification.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Epistemology Naturalized canonical | 2 |
| Quinean naturalism | 1 |
| “Epistemology Naturalized” (1969 essay) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2996734 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Epistemology Naturalized Context triple: [Two Dogmas of Empiricism, relatedWork, Epistemology Naturalized]
-
A.
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge is a 1940 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that defends logical empiricism by critically examining sense-data theories and the justification of empirical beliefs.
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B.
Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties
Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties is a collection of influential lectures by philosopher P. F. Strawson that examines the tension between skeptical doubt and a naturalistic understanding of human knowledge and practice.
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C.
Philosophy of Science: A Systematic Account
"Philosophy of Science: A Systematic Account" is a foundational work in analytic philosophy that systematically examines the logical structure, methods, and conceptual foundations of the natural sciences.
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D.
Essays in Radical Empiricism
Essays in Radical Empiricism is a posthumously published collection of philosophical writings by William James that develops his influential doctrine of radical empiricism, emphasizing the primacy of experience and relations in understanding reality.
-
E.
Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science
Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science is a seminal work by Hermann Weyl that explores the conceptual foundations and philosophical implications of modern mathematics and theoretical physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Epistemology Naturalized Target entity description: Epistemology Naturalized is W.V.O. Quine’s influential proposal to reconceive traditional epistemology as a branch of empirical psychology, focusing on how humans actually form beliefs rather than on a priori justification.
-
A.
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge is a 1940 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that defends logical empiricism by critically examining sense-data theories and the justification of empirical beliefs.
-
B.
Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties
Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties is a collection of influential lectures by philosopher P. F. Strawson that examines the tension between skeptical doubt and a naturalistic understanding of human knowledge and practice.
-
C.
Philosophy of Science: A Systematic Account
"Philosophy of Science: A Systematic Account" is a foundational work in analytic philosophy that systematically examines the logical structure, methods, and conceptual foundations of the natural sciences.
-
D.
Essays in Radical Empiricism
Essays in Radical Empiricism is a posthumously published collection of philosophical writings by William James that develops his influential doctrine of radical empiricism, emphasizing the primacy of experience and relations in understanding reality.
-
E.
Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science
Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science is a seminal work by Hermann Weyl that explores the conceptual foundations and philosophical implications of modern mathematics and theoretical physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
epistemological position
ⓘ
naturalized epistemology ⓘ philosophical theory ⓘ view in analytic philosophy ⓘ |
| addresses |
the problem of justification of scientific knowledge
ⓘ
the relationship between epistemology and psychology ⓘ |
| assumes | continuity between philosophy and empirical science ⓘ |
| claims |
epistemology should be conducted within science rather than prior to it
ⓘ
questions about knowledge are to be answered by studying human cognitive capacities ⓘ |
| contrastsWith |
Cartesian foundationalism
ⓘ
traditional internalist justification ⓘ |
| criticizedBy |
Jaegwon Kim
ⓘ
Laurence BonJour ⓘ Roderick Chisholm ⓘ |
| criticizedFor |
allegedly abandoning the normative dimension of epistemology
ⓘ
blurring the distinction between normative and descriptive epistemology ⓘ |
| emphasizes |
descriptive accounts of knowledge acquisition
ⓘ
empirical methods ⓘ scientific investigation of cognition ⓘ |
| field |
epistemology
ⓘ
philosophy of mind ⓘ philosophy of science ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
psychological processes underlying belief formation
ⓘ
reconceiving traditional epistemology as a branch of empirical science ⓘ study of how humans actually form beliefs ⓘ |
| hasAbbreviation |
Willard Van Orman Quine
ⓘ
surface form:
W. V. O. Quine
|
| hasAuthor | Willard Van Orman Quine ⓘ |
| hasKeyTerm |
a priori justification
ⓘ
empirical psychology ⓘ naturalized epistemology ⓘ |
| influenced |
cognitive science approaches to knowledge
ⓘ
contemporary naturalized epistemology ⓘ reliabilist theories of justification ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
behaviorism
ⓘ
empiricism ⓘ scientific naturalism ⓘ |
| isPartOf |
Quinean naturalism
ⓘ
naturalism in philosophy ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| methodology | use of empirical psychology to study knowledge ⓘ |
| proposes | replacement of traditional epistemology with empirical psychology ⓘ |
| publishedIn |
Ontological Relativity and Other Essays
ⓘ
surface form:
“Ontological Relativity and Other Essays”
|
| rejects |
the project of providing a purely normative justification of knowledge from first principles
ⓘ
traditional a priori foundationalism in epistemology ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
holism about confirmation
ⓘ
web of belief ⓘ |
| relatedWork |
Epistemology Naturalized
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
“Epistemology Naturalized” (1969 essay)
|
| yearProposed | 1969 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
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Input
Subject: Epistemology Naturalized Description of subject: Epistemology Naturalized is W.V.O. Quine’s influential proposal to reconceive traditional epistemology as a branch of empirical psychology, focusing on how humans actually form beliefs rather than on a priori justification.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
this entity surface form:
Quinean naturalism
this entity surface form:
“Epistemology Naturalized” (1969 essay)