Würm glaciation
E309210
The Würm glaciation was the last major glacial period of the Pleistocene in the Alps, marked by extensive ice coverage and shaping much of the region’s modern landscape.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Würm glaciation canonical | 3 |
| Weichselian glaciation | 2 |
| Devensian glaciation | 1 |
| LGM | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2909610 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Würm glaciation Context triple: [Wisconsin glaciation, correlatesWith, Würm glaciation]
-
A.
Gaskiers glaciation
Gaskiers glaciation was a brief but intense Neoproterozoic ice age, occurring around 580 million years ago, that is associated with widespread glacial deposits and may have influenced early animal evolution.
-
B.
Marinoan glaciation
The Marinoan glaciation was a major Neoproterozoic ice age, likely a global or near-global “Snowball Earth” event that occurred around 650–635 million years ago.
-
C.
Huronian glaciation
The Huronian glaciation was one of Earth's earliest and longest ice ages, occurring over 2.4 billion years ago and likely linked to the Great Oxidation Event and major climatic shifts.
-
D.
Sturtian glaciation
The Sturtian glaciation was a major global ice age during the Neoproterozoic, when extensive ice sheets may have covered much of Earth’s surface in one of the most severe glacial events in the planet’s history.
-
E.
Wisconsin glaciation
The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Würm glaciation Target entity description: The Würm glaciation was the last major glacial period of the Pleistocene in the Alps, marked by extensive ice coverage and shaping much of the region’s modern landscape.
-
A.
Gaskiers glaciation
Gaskiers glaciation was a brief but intense Neoproterozoic ice age, occurring around 580 million years ago, that is associated with widespread glacial deposits and may have influenced early animal evolution.
-
B.
Marinoan glaciation
The Marinoan glaciation was a major Neoproterozoic ice age, likely a global or near-global “Snowball Earth” event that occurred around 650–635 million years ago.
-
C.
Huronian glaciation
The Huronian glaciation was one of Earth's earliest and longest ice ages, occurring over 2.4 billion years ago and likely linked to the Great Oxidation Event and major climatic shifts.
-
D.
Sturtian glaciation
The Sturtian glaciation was a major global ice age during the Neoproterozoic, when extensive ice sheets may have covered much of Earth’s surface in one of the most severe glacial events in the planet’s history.
-
E.
Wisconsin glaciation
The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Pleistocene glaciation
ⓘ
Quaternary glacial period ⓘ glaciation ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
expansion of continental ice sheets
ⓘ
lowered global sea levels ⓘ periglacial processes in areas beyond the ice margin ⓘ |
| caused |
deepening of Alpine valleys
ⓘ
formation of U-shaped valleys in the Alps ⓘ formation of glacial lakes in the Alpine region ⓘ formation of moraines in the Alpine foreland ⓘ overdeepened lake basins such as Lake Constance ⓘ overdeepened lake basins such as Lake Garda ⓘ overdeepened lake basins such as Lake Geneva ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
extensive valley glaciers
ⓘ
large piedmont glaciers ⓘ thick ice caps over the Alps ⓘ |
| climate | cold glacial climate ⓘ |
| correspondsTo |
Last Glacial Period
ⓘ
surface form:
Devensian glaciation
Last Glacial Period ⓘ Last Glacial Period ⓘ
surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
Wisconsin glaciation ⓘ |
| countryContext |
Austria
ⓘ
France ⓘ Germany ⓘ Italy ⓘ Switzerland ⓘ |
| endedWith | transition to Holocene ⓘ |
| endTime |
approximately 11,700 years ago
ⓘ
end of Pleistocene ⓘ |
| evidence |
glacial striations on Alpine bedrock
ⓘ
outwash plains in front of Alpine glaciers ⓘ terminal moraines in Alpine foreland ⓘ |
| follows |
Saalian glaciation
ⓘ
surface form:
Riss glaciation
|
| hasPart |
Last Glacial Maximum in the Alps
ⓘ
early Würm ⓘ late Würm ⓘ middle Würm ⓘ |
| influenced |
distribution of sediments in the Alpine foreland
ⓘ
drainage patterns in and around the Alps ⓘ modern Alpine landscape ⓘ |
| maximumExtentTime | around 24,000–20,000 years ago ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Würm River
ⓘ
surface form:
River Würm
|
| occursIn | Alps ⓘ |
| partOf |
Pleistocene epoch
ⓘ
Quaternary period ⓘ |
| precededBy |
Saalian glaciation
ⓘ
surface form:
Riss glaciation
|
| region |
Central Alps
ⓘ
Alps ⓘ
surface form:
Northern Alps
southern Alps ⓘ
surface form:
Southern Alps
|
| startTime | approximately 115,000 years ago ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
Quaternary geology
ⓘ
geomorphology ⓘ paleoclimatology ⓘ |
| timeEquivalent |
Cenozoic glaciations
ⓘ
surface form:
Marine Isotope Stages 5d–2
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Würm glaciation Description of subject: The Würm glaciation was the last major glacial period of the Pleistocene in the Alps, marked by extensive ice coverage and shaping much of the region’s modern landscape.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
this entity surface form:
Devensian glaciation
this entity surface form:
Weichselian glaciation
this entity surface form:
LGM