Learned Hand
E302253
Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Learned Hand canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2830200 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Learned Hand Context triple: [Helvering v. Gregory, lowerCourtJudge, Learned Hand]
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
-
C.
Slaughter-House Cases
The Slaughter-House Cases were an 1873 U.S. Supreme Court decision that narrowly interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause, significantly limiting its protection of civil rights against state infringement.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Learned Hand Target entity description: Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
-
C.
Slaughter-House Cases
The Slaughter-House Cases were an 1873 U.S. Supreme Court decision that narrowly interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause, significantly limiting its protection of civil rights against state infringement.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
American federal judge
ⓘ
human ⓘ judge ⓘ |
| academicDegree |
A.B.
ⓘ
LL.B. ⓘ |
| appointedBy |
Calvin Coolidge
ⓘ
President William Howard Taft ⓘ
surface form:
William Howard Taft
|
| awardReceived |
Presidential Medal of Freedom
ⓘ
surface form:
Medal of Freedom
|
| birthDate | 1872-01-27 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Albany
ⓘ
surface form:
Albany, New York, United States
|
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateAwarded | 1961-07-07 ⓘ |
| deathDate | 1961-08-18 ⓘ |
| deathPlace |
New York City, New York, United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
New York City, New York, United States
|
| describedBySource | The Spirit of Liberty speech ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Harvard University
ⓘ
surface form:
Harvard College
Harvard Law School ⓘ |
| endTime |
1924-03-02
ⓘ
1951-08-18 ⓘ |
| familyName | Hand ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
admiralty law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ copyright law ⓘ tax law ⓘ tort law ⓘ |
| fullName | Billings Learned Hand ⓘ |
| givenName | Billings ⓘ |
| influenced |
American legal realism
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court jurisprudence ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Hand formula for negligence
ⓘ
impact on U.S. constitutional law ⓘ impact on U.S. tax law ⓘ influential judicial opinions ⓘ judicial restraint philosophy ⓘ |
| languageOfWorkOrName | English ⓘ |
| memberOf |
Phi Beta Kappa Society
ⓘ
surface form:
Phi Beta Kappa
|
| notableWork |
Helvering v. Gregory
ⓘ
Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten ⓘ United States v. Carroll Towing Co. ⓘ Dennis v. United States ⓘ
surface form:
United States v. Dennis
|
| numberOfChildren | 3 ⓘ |
| occupation |
judge
ⓘ
jurist ⓘ lawyer ⓘ |
| politicalAlignment | progressive ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
ⓘ
Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ⓘ |
| religion | agnosticism ⓘ |
| residence |
New York City
ⓘ
surface form:
New York City, New York, United States
|
| spouse | Frances Amelia Fincke ⓘ |
| startTime |
1909-04-15
ⓘ
1924-03-02 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Learned Hand Description of subject: Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.