Triple
T12654687
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Learned Hand |
E302253
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
|
E994529
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. | Statement: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. Context triple: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
-
A.
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
-
B.
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
-
C.
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. is a landmark 1916 New York Court of Appeals case that expanded manufacturers’ liability in negligence to consumers, even without privity of contract.
-
D.
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
-
E.
District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co.
District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. is a 1953 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the enforceability of an 1872 D.C. civil rights law prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. Triple: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
Generated description
United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. Target entity description: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
-
A.
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
-
B.
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
-
C.
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. is a landmark 1916 New York Court of Appeals case that expanded manufacturers’ liability in negligence to consumers, even without privity of contract.
-
D.
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
-
E.
District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co.
District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. is a 1953 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the enforceability of an 1872 D.C. civil rights law prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d7bded71a88190bb76e2413af9ea66 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d96160730c81909e1aa3efb51bf159 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 8:45 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f668832c7081909eb75429efba493e |
completed | May 2, 2026, 9:11 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f6697d8ac88190b4ead9ce47f3a705 |
completed | May 2, 2026, 9:15 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f66a2fa350819091f12e16d59c2278 |
completed | May 2, 2026, 9:18 p.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 5:18 p.m.