Triple

T12654687
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Learned Hand E302253 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
E994529 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. | Statement: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
Context triple: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
  • A. California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
    California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
  • B. National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
    National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
  • C. MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.
    MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. is a landmark 1916 New York Court of Appeals case that expanded manufacturers’ liability in negligence to consumers, even without privity of contract.
  • D. Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
    Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
  • E. District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co.
    District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. is a 1953 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the enforceability of an 1872 D.C. civil rights law prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
Triple: [Learned Hand, notableWork, United States v. Carroll Towing Co.]
Generated description
United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Carroll Towing Co.
Target entity description: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. is a landmark 1947 U.S. federal court case famous for Judge Learned Hand’s formulation of the “Hand formula” for determining negligence in tort law.
  • A. California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited
    California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited is a 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the limits of First Amendment petitioning rights when parties allegedly use governmental and judicial processes as part of an anticompetitive scheme in violation of antitrust laws.
  • B. National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
    National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
  • C. MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.
    MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co. is a landmark 1916 New York Court of Appeals case that expanded manufacturers’ liability in negligence to consumers, even without privity of contract.
  • D. Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
    Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
  • E. District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co.
    District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. is a 1953 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the enforceability of an 1872 D.C. civil rights law prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d7bded71a88190bb76e2413af9ea66 completed April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d96160730c81909e1aa3efb51bf159 completed April 10, 2026, 8:45 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f668832c7081909eb75429efba493e completed May 2, 2026, 9:11 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f6697d8ac88190b4ead9ce47f3a705 completed May 2, 2026, 9:15 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f66a2fa350819091f12e16d59c2278 completed May 2, 2026, 9:18 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 5:18 p.m.