Triple
T2830200
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Helvering v. Gregory |
E62216
|
entity |
| Predicate | lowerCourtJudge |
P7038
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Learned Hand
Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
|
E302253
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Learned Hand | Statement: [Helvering v. Gregory, lowerCourtJudge, Learned Hand]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Learned Hand Context triple: [Helvering v. Gregory, lowerCourtJudge, Learned Hand]
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
-
C.
Slaughter-House Cases
The Slaughter-House Cases were an 1873 U.S. Supreme Court decision that narrowly interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause, significantly limiting its protection of civil rights against state infringement.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Learned Hand Triple: [Helvering v. Gregory, lowerCourtJudge, Learned Hand]
Generated description
Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Learned Hand Target entity description: Learned Hand was a highly influential American federal judge renowned for his incisive opinions on constitutional and tax law and his lasting impact on U.S. jurisprudence.
-
A.
Ex parte Young
Ex parte Young is a landmark 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that created a legal fiction allowing suits in federal court against state officials to stop ongoing violations of federal law, despite state sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment.
-
B.
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Katzenbach v. Morgan is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s power under the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit certain state voting restrictions, reinforcing federal authority to protect voting rights.
-
C.
Slaughter-House Cases
The Slaughter-House Cases were an 1873 U.S. Supreme Court decision that narrowly interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause, significantly limiting its protection of civil rights against state infringement.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
The Prize Cases
The Prize Cases were a landmark 1863 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld President Abraham Lincoln’s authority to blockade Confederate ports without a formal declaration of war, expanding the scope of executive war powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: lowerCourtJudge Context triple: [Helvering v. Gregory, lowerCourtJudge, Learned Hand]
-
A.
lowerCourt
Indicates that one court holds a subordinate or inferior position in the judicial hierarchy relative to another court.
-
B.
trialCourt
Indicates that a legal matter, decision, or proceeding is associated with, handled by, or occurring in a court of first instance (the trial-level court).
-
C.
hasLowerCourt
Indicates that one court functions as a subordinate or inferior court within the judicial hierarchy of another court.
-
D.
lowerCourtCitation
Indicates that a legal decision or document cites or references a ruling from a lower court.
-
E.
judicialRole
chosen
Indicates that one entity holds or performs a specific official function or position within the judicial system in relation to another entity or legal matter.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab4c3c39188190955b9c49d98463d8 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abdebbde4881908dfa78e28c7018e0 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 8:15 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69afceb771d48190a1467a6e58f756ad |
completed | March 10, 2026, 7:56 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69afd21bf66481909d0416cf591fc2cf |
completed | March 10, 2026, 8:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69afd28839a881909c758e2ea202242a |
completed | March 10, 2026, 8:12 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69abdd0acab881909e8c25cbef83678c |
completed | March 7, 2026, 8:08 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 10:01 p.m.