Bantu languages

E25285

Bantu languages are a large family of closely related languages spoken across much of central, eastern, and southern Africa, known for features like noun class systems and widespread mutual influences among neighboring tongues.

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Observed surface forms (6)


Statements (80)

Predicate Object
instanceOf branch of Niger–Congo languages
language family
alsoKnownAs Bantu languages
surface form: Bantu

Bantu languages
surface form: Bantu family
ancestorLanguage Proto-Bantu
areKnownFor complex systems of noun classes controlling agreement across the clause
widespread mutual influences among neighboring languages
areSpokenIn Angola
Botswana
Burundi
Cameroon
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Eswatini
Gabon
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar (some Bantu languages on the island)
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Republic of the Congo
Rwanda
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
parts of Nigeria
parts of Somalia
classificationScheme Guthrie classification
estimatedNumberOfLanguages over 500
estimatedNumberOfSpeakers hundreds of millions
expansionPeriod roughly last 3000 years
geographicDistribution African Great Lakes
Central Africa
East Africa
surface form: Eastern Africa

East Africa
surface form: Great Lakes region of Africa

Southern Africa
parts of Western Africa
hasLinguisticFeature agglutinative morphology
concord between nouns and modifiers
derivational verb extensions
extensive agreement morphology
extensive mutual lexical borrowing among neighboring languages
noun class system
prefixal noun classes
rich verbal morphology
subject–verb–object basic word order in many languages
tone in many member languages
hasSubgroup Northeast Coast Bantu languages
surface form: Eastern Bantu languages

Narrow Bantu
Southern Bantu languages
Western Bantu languages
historicalOrigin associated with Bantu expansion
influencedBy Afrikaans (in some southern Bantu languages)
Arabic (via Swahili and other coastal languages)
English (in many southern and eastern African Bantu languages)
Portuguese (in some coastal and southern Bantu languages)
majorLanguage Chichewa
Northern Ndebele
surface form: IsiNdebele

Kikongo
Kikuyu
Kinyarwanda
Kirundi
Swahili language
surface form: Kiswahili

Lingala
Luganda
Sesotho
Setswana
Shona
Swahili language
surface form: Swahili

Xhosa
Zulu
researchField Bantu linguistics
subfamilyOf Niger–Congo languages
usedAs lingua franca in many regions of Central and Eastern Africa
national languages in several African countries
writingSystem Latin script in most written Bantu languages

Referenced by (82)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Sesotho languageFamily Bantu languages
Setswana languageFamily Bantu languages
Shona languageFamily Bantu languages
Sotho languageFamily Bantu languages
this entity surface form: Bantu
Southern Ndebele languageFamily Bantu languages
Sukuma people languageFamily Bantu languages
Swati languageFamily Bantu languages
Tshiluba languageFamily Bantu languages
this entity surface form: Bantu
Tshivenda languageFamily Bantu languages
Tsonga languageFamily Bantu languages
Tswana people languageFamily Bantu languages
Venda languageFamily Bantu languages
Xhosa languageFamily Bantu languages
Xhosa people languageFamily Bantu languages
Zulu people languageFamily Bantu languages
nde languageFamily Bantu languages
Punu languageSubgroup Bantu languages
this entity surface form: Bantu
Central Africa majorLanguageFamily Bantu languages
Equatorial Guinea nationalLanguageFamily Bantu languages
Tanzania nationalLanguageFamily Bantu languages
Beti languages subclassOf Bantu languages
Nguni languages subclassOf Bantu languages
Northern Ndebele subclassOf Bantu languages
Punu subclassOf Bantu languages
Southern Bantu subclassOf Bantu languages
Bulu language subfamily Bantu languages
Sena subfamily Bantu languages
Setswana subfamily Bantu languages
this entity surface form: Southern Bantu languages
Bube language subfamilyOf Bantu languages
Umbundu subfamilyOf Bantu languages
Fang language subgroup Bantu languages
this entity surface form: Bantu
Pichi language substrateLanguage Bantu languages