TFEU Article 102
E244399
TFEU Article 102 is the core EU treaty provision that prohibits the abuse of a dominant market position by undertakings within the internal market.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| TFEU Article 102 canonical | 2 |
| EC Treaty Article 82 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2174104 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 102 Context triple: [European Union competition policy, hasLegalBasis, TFEU Article 102]
-
A.
TFEU Article 101
TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
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B.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
-
C.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
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D.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
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E.
Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010
Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 is the EU law that established the framework for macro-prudential oversight of the financial system and created the European Systemic Risk Board to monitor and mitigate systemic risks.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 102 Target entity description: TFEU Article 102 is the core EU treaty provision that prohibits the abuse of a dominant market position by undertakings within the internal market.
-
A.
TFEU Article 101
TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
-
B.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
-
C.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
-
D.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
-
E.
Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010
Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 is the EU law that established the framework for macro-prudential oversight of the financial system and created the European Systemic Risk Board to monitor and mitigate systemic risks.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
competition law provision
ⓘ
provision of European Union law ⓘ treaty article ⓘ |
| appliesIn |
internal market of the European Union
ⓘ
substantial part of the internal market ⓘ |
| appliesTo | undertakings ⓘ |
| basedOn | principle of undistorted competition in the internal market ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
all EU Member States
ⓘ
undertakings operating in the EU internal market ⓘ |
| contains | non‑exhaustive list of abusive practices ⓘ |
| enforcedBy | European Commission ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceWith | Treaty of Lisbon renumbering ⓘ |
| exampleOfAbuse |
applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions
ⓘ
imposing unfair purchase or selling prices ⓘ imposing unfair trading conditions ⓘ limiting markets ⓘ limiting production ⓘ limiting technical development to the prejudice of consumers ⓘ loyalty rebates ⓘ making contracts subject to supplementary obligations ⓘ margin squeeze ⓘ placing trading parties at a competitive disadvantage ⓘ predatory pricing ⓘ refusal to supply ⓘ tying and bundling practices ⓘ |
| formerNumbering | Article 82 EC Treaty ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
Court of Justice of the European Union
ⓘ
Court of Justice of the European Union ⓘ
surface form:
General Court of the European Union
|
| language | all official languages of the European Union ⓘ |
| legalArea |
EU competition law
ⓘ
antitrust law ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor |
commitment decisions in abuse of dominance cases
ⓘ
fines on undertakings for abuse of dominance ⓘ structural and behavioral remedies in abuse cases ⓘ |
| objective |
to prevent distortion of competition
ⓘ
to protect consumer welfare ⓘ to protect effective competition in the internal market ⓘ |
| partOf | Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ |
| prohibits | abuse of a dominant position ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Regulation 1/2003
ⓘ
TFEU Article 101 ⓘ |
| replaced |
TFEU Article 102
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
EC Treaty Article 82
|
| requires |
abusive conduct
ⓘ
effect on trade between Member States ⓘ existence of a dominant position ⓘ |
| scope |
collective dominance
ⓘ
private undertakings ⓘ public undertakings engaged in economic activity ⓘ single‑firm conduct ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: TFEU Article 102 Description of subject: TFEU Article 102 is the core EU treaty provision that prohibits the abuse of a dominant market position by undertakings within the internal market.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
EC Treaty Article 82