TFEU Article 101
E243131
TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| TFEU Article 101 canonical | 2 |
| Article 101 TFEU | 1 |
| EC Treaty Article 81 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2174103 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 101 Context triple: [European Union competition policy, hasLegalBasis, TFEU Article 101]
-
A.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
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B.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
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C.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
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D.
GATT Article XIX
GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
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E.
Combined Nomenclature of the European Union
The Combined Nomenclature of the European Union is the EU’s detailed tariff and statistical classification system for goods used in customs declarations and trade statistics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: TFEU Article 101 Target entity description: TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
-
A.
European Union competition policy
European Union competition policy is the body of EU rules and enforcement practices designed to prevent anti-competitive behavior, control mergers, and regulate state aid in order to maintain fair and effective competition within the internal market.
-
B.
Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition is the European Commission department responsible for enforcing EU competition law, including antitrust, merger control, and state aid rules.
-
C.
European Union state aid rules
European Union state aid rules are a set of competition law provisions that regulate and restrict government subsidies to businesses within the EU to prevent distortions of the internal market.
-
D.
GATT Article XIX
GATT Article XIX is the safeguard provision in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that allows countries to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
-
E.
Combined Nomenclature of the European Union
The Combined Nomenclature of the European Union is the EU’s detailed tariff and statistical classification system for goods used in customs declarations and trade statistics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
competition law provision
ⓘ
provision of European Union law ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
prevent collusion between undertakings
ⓘ
protect competition in the internal market ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
associations of undertakings
ⓘ
undertakings ⓘ |
| contains |
paragraph 1
ⓘ
paragraph 2 ⓘ paragraph 3 ⓘ |
| defines | hardcore restrictions of competition ⓘ |
| enforcedBy | European Commission ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForce | 1 December 2009 as renumbered by the Treaty of Lisbon ⓘ |
| exemptionCondition |
agreement must contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress
ⓘ
agreement must not afford the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of the products in question ⓘ consumers must receive a fair share of the resulting benefit ⓘ restrictions must be indispensable to the attainment of the objectives ⓘ |
| formsBasisFor |
EU cartel enforcement
ⓘ
block exemption regulations ⓘ |
| hasTitle | Rules applying to undertakings ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
Court of Justice of the European Union
ⓘ
Court of Justice of the European Union ⓘ
surface form:
General Court of the European Union
|
| language | all official languages of the European Union ⓘ |
| legalEffect | agreements or decisions prohibited by paragraph 1 are automatically void ⓘ |
| listsExample |
applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties
ⓘ
collusive tendering ⓘ customer allocation ⓘ limiting or controlling investment ⓘ limiting or controlling markets ⓘ limiting or controlling production ⓘ limiting or controlling technical development ⓘ market sharing ⓘ price fixing ⓘ tying contracts to supplementary obligations which have no connection with the subject of the contracts ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Chapter 1 of the TFEU
ⓘ
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ
surface form:
Part Three of the TFEU
Title VII of the TFEU ⓘ |
| paragraph2States | any agreements or decisions prohibited pursuant to this article shall be automatically void ⓘ |
| paragraph3Provides | possibility of exemption from the prohibition in paragraph 1 ⓘ |
| partOf | Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ |
| previousNumbering | Article 81 EC Treaty ⓘ |
| prohibits |
agreements between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States and have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the internal market
ⓘ
concerted practices that may affect trade between Member States and have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the internal market ⓘ decisions by associations of undertakings that may affect trade between Member States and have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the internal market ⓘ |
| relatedTo | TFEU Article 102 ⓘ |
| replaced |
TFEU Article 101
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
EC Treaty Article 81
|
| requires | effect on trade between Member States ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
anti-competitive agreements
ⓘ
competition between undertakings ⓘ concerted practices ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: TFEU Article 101 Description of subject: TFEU Article 101 is a core provision of EU law that prohibits anti-competitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that may affect trade between Member States.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
EC Treaty Article 81
this entity surface form:
Article 101 TFEU