Muʿtazilite theology

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Muʿtazilite theology is a rationalist school of early Islamic thought that emphasized divine justice, human free will, and the createdness of the Qur’an.

All labels observed (7)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Islamic theological school
kalam tradition
rationalist theology
associatedWithConcept Da'wah
surface form: al-amr bi-l-maʿruf wa-n-nahy ʿan al-munkar

al-manzila bayna al-manzilatayn (intermediate position)
al-tawḥid (divine unity)
al-waʿd wa-l-waʿid (promise and threat)
al-ʿadl (divine justice)
contrastsWith Ash'ari
surface form: Ashʿarite theology

traditionalist Sunni theology
coreDoctrine createdness of the Qurʾan
divine justice
divine unity
human free will
intermediate position of the grave sinner
promise and threat doctrine
rational obligation to know God
declinedAfterCentury 10th century
emergedInCentury 8th century
emergedInRegion Basra
Iraq
emphasizes incompatibility of divine injustice with God’s nature
moral responsibility of humans
use of reason in theology
historicalFigureAssociated Abū al-Hudhayl al-ʿAllāf
Wāṣil ibn ʿAṭāʾ
Al-Jahiz
surface form: al-Jāḥiẓ

al-Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār
ʿAmr ibn ʿUbayd
influenced Islamic philosophy
surface form: Islamic philosophical theology

Zaydi kalam
surface form: Zaydi Shia theology

some Imami Shia theologians
language Arabic terminology
method dialectical reasoning (kalam)
rational interpretation of scripture
modernReception studied as early Islamic rationalism
opposedBy Ashʿarite theologians
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
surface form: Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal
religiousTraditionOf Islam
supportedBy some Abbasid caliphs
teaches God must act justly
Quran
surface form: Qurʾan is created in time

good and evil are knowable by reason
humans create their own acts
textualSourcesInclude works of al-Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Jabbār
viewOnAttributesOfGod divine attributes are not distinct entities from God’s essence
viewOnEschatology denies beatific vision of God in the hereafter
viewOnSin grave sinner is neither believer nor unbeliever
wasOfficialDoctrineDuring Mihna (inquisition)
surface form: Miḥna (inquisition)

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (16)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Mihna (inquisition) hasCause Muʿtazilite theology
subject surface form: Mihna
Mihna (inquisition) ideologyPromoted Muʿtazilite theology
subject surface form: Mihna
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Zaydi Shia influencedBy Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Mu‘tazilite theology
Islamic kalam hasMajorSchool Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Athari creed contrastedWith Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazili theology
Ibn Batta al-Ukbari opposedTo Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Sunni theology distinguishesFrom Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Mu‘tazili theology
al-Wathiq doctrineSupported Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Mihna ideology Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Mu'tazilism
Zaydi fiqh hasTheologicalAffinityWith Muʿtazilite theology
Al-Jahiz movement Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Mu'tazilism
Māturīdism contrastedWith Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Zaydi kalam influencedBy Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilite kalam
Zaydi kalam sharesDoctrinalFeaturesWith Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism
Atharism contrastsWith Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Mu'tazilism
Kitāb al-Kashf ʿan Manāhij al-Adilla theologicalSchoolDiscussed Muʿtazilite theology
this entity surface form: Muʿtazilism