Esaki–Tsu relation
E186748
The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Esaki–Tsu relation canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1653539 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Esaki–Tsu relation Context triple: [Leo Esaki, knownFor, Esaki–Tsu relation]
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A.
Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
-
B.
Onsager reciprocal relations
Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
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C.
Tomonaga–Schwinger equation
The Tomonaga–Schwinger equation is a relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation that formulates quantum field evolution on arbitrary spacelike hypersurfaces, forming a key part of covariant quantum field theory.
-
D.
Goodman–Martínez–Thompson correlation
The Goodman–Martínez–Thompson correlation is the most widely accepted scholarly conversion formula that aligns dates in the ancient Maya Long Count calendar with the Gregorian calendar.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Esaki–Tsu relation Target entity description: The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
-
A.
Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
-
B.
Onsager reciprocal relations
Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
-
C.
Tomonaga–Schwinger equation
The Tomonaga–Schwinger equation is a relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation that formulates quantum field evolution on arbitrary spacelike hypersurfaces, forming a key part of covariant quantum field theory.
-
D.
Goodman–Martínez–Thompson correlation
The Goodman–Martínez–Thompson correlation is the most widely accepted scholarly conversion formula that aligns dates in the ancient Maya Long Count calendar with the Gregorian calendar.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical law
ⓘ
semiconductor physics concept ⓘ transport equation ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
electrons in periodic potentials under high electric fields
ⓘ
miniband transport ⓘ semiconductor superlattices ⓘ |
| approximates | steady-state solution of Boltzmann transport equation in a periodic potential ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Leo Esaki
ⓘ
R. Tsu ⓘ |
| assumes |
Bloch oscillations of electrons in a periodic potential
ⓘ
constant relaxation time approximation ⓘ single miniband conduction ⓘ |
| basedOn | miniband transport model ⓘ |
| category |
electronic transport relations
ⓘ
nonlinear conduction phenomena ⓘ |
| describes |
negative differential conductivity in superlattices
ⓘ
nonlinear current–voltage characteristics in semiconductor superlattices ⓘ |
| field |
semiconductor physics
ⓘ
solid-state physics ⓘ |
| includesParameter |
Bloch frequency
ⓘ
Planck constant ⓘ electron charge ⓘ |
| influenced | development of superlattice-based THz devices ⓘ |
| involvesQuantity |
current density
ⓘ
electric field ⓘ electron drift velocity ⓘ lattice period of the superlattice ⓘ miniband width ⓘ relaxation time ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | drift velocity proportional to (ω_B τ)/(1 + (ω_B τ)^2) ⓘ |
| predicts |
current saturation at high electric fields
ⓘ
negative differential resistance region in I–V characteristics ⓘ |
| publishedIn | IBM Journal of Research and Development ⓘ |
| regime |
coherent miniband transport
ⓘ
high electric field transport ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Bloch oscillations
ⓘ
Gunn effect ⓘ negative differential resistance ⓘ quantum transport theory ⓘ |
| relates |
current density to electric field in a superlattice miniband
ⓘ
drift velocity of electrons to applied electric field ⓘ |
| usedFor |
analysis of Bloch oscillators
ⓘ
design of high-frequency electronic devices based on superlattices ⓘ interpretation of negative differential conductivity experiments ⓘ modeling transport in semiconductor superlattice devices ⓘ |
| validWhen | scattering time is longer than Bloch oscillation period ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1970 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Esaki–Tsu relation Description of subject: The Esaki–Tsu relation is a fundamental formula in semiconductor physics that describes the nonlinear current–voltage characteristics and negative differential conductivity of electrons in superlattices under high electric fields.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.