Triple
T8021415
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Esaki–Tsu relation |
E186748
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Bloch oscillations
Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
|
E708820
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bloch oscillations | Statement: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bloch oscillations Context triple: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
-
A.
Bloch waves
Bloch waves are quantum-mechanical wavefunctions that describe particles, such as electrons, propagating through a periodic crystal lattice and form the basis for understanding electronic band structure in solids.
-
B.
Floquet systems
Floquet systems are periodically driven quantum or classical systems whose behavior is analyzed using Floquet theory, often exhibiting exotic non-equilibrium phases such as time crystals.
-
C.
Rabi oscillation
Rabi oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a two-level system, such as an atom or qubit, undergoes coherent periodic transitions between its states when driven by a resonant oscillatory field.
-
D.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
E.
Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures
"Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures" is a foundational scientific monograph by Léon Brillouin that systematically develops the theory of wave behavior in periodically structured media, underpinning modern solid-state physics and band theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bloch oscillations Triple: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
Generated description
Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bloch oscillations Target entity description: Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
-
A.
Bloch waves
Bloch waves are quantum-mechanical wavefunctions that describe particles, such as electrons, propagating through a periodic crystal lattice and form the basis for understanding electronic band structure in solids.
-
B.
Floquet systems
Floquet systems are periodically driven quantum or classical systems whose behavior is analyzed using Floquet theory, often exhibiting exotic non-equilibrium phases such as time crystals.
-
C.
Rabi oscillation
Rabi oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a two-level system, such as an atom or qubit, undergoes coherent periodic transitions between its states when driven by a resonant oscillatory field.
-
D.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
E.
Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures
"Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures" is a foundational scientific monograph by Léon Brillouin that systematically develops the theory of wave behavior in periodically structured media, underpinning modern solid-state physics and band theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca82ac7fc081909b1398cf025423af |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:03 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cb3e8d90488190b57d1e748e272061 |
completed | March 31, 2026, 3:25 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69cc56c82824819082e93eddc40bfad1 |
completed | March 31, 2026, 11:20 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69cc5ca6efbc819082f4c643446da354 |
completed | March 31, 2026, 11:45 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69cc5d6d93f08190b17d6c7a4fad2cf0 |
completed | March 31, 2026, 11:49 p.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 5:20 p.m.