Triple

T8021415
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Esaki–Tsu relation E186748 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Bloch oscillations
Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
E708820 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bloch oscillations | Statement: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bloch oscillations
Context triple: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
  • A. Bloch waves
    Bloch waves are quantum-mechanical wavefunctions that describe particles, such as electrons, propagating through a periodic crystal lattice and form the basis for understanding electronic band structure in solids.
  • B. Floquet systems
    Floquet systems are periodically driven quantum or classical systems whose behavior is analyzed using Floquet theory, often exhibiting exotic non-equilibrium phases such as time crystals.
  • C. Rabi oscillation
    Rabi oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a two-level system, such as an atom or qubit, undergoes coherent periodic transitions between its states when driven by a resonant oscillatory field.
  • D. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • E. Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures
    "Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures" is a foundational scientific monograph by Léon Brillouin that systematically develops the theory of wave behavior in periodically structured media, underpinning modern solid-state physics and band theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bloch oscillations
Triple: [Esaki–Tsu relation, relatedTo, Bloch oscillations]
Generated description
Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bloch oscillations
Target entity description: Bloch oscillations are periodic oscillations of electrons in a crystal lattice subjected to a constant electric field, arising from the band structure and leading to oscillatory motion in momentum space.
  • A. Bloch waves
    Bloch waves are quantum-mechanical wavefunctions that describe particles, such as electrons, propagating through a periodic crystal lattice and form the basis for understanding electronic band structure in solids.
  • B. Floquet systems
    Floquet systems are periodically driven quantum or classical systems whose behavior is analyzed using Floquet theory, often exhibiting exotic non-equilibrium phases such as time crystals.
  • C. Rabi oscillation
    Rabi oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a two-level system, such as an atom or qubit, undergoes coherent periodic transitions between its states when driven by a resonant oscillatory field.
  • D. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • E. Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures
    "Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures" is a foundational scientific monograph by Léon Brillouin that systematically develops the theory of wave behavior in periodically structured media, underpinning modern solid-state physics and band theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82ac7fc081909b1398cf025423af completed March 30, 2026, 2:03 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cb3e8d90488190b57d1e748e272061 completed March 31, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69cc56c82824819082e93eddc40bfad1 completed March 31, 2026, 11:20 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69cc5ca6efbc819082f4c643446da354 completed March 31, 2026, 11:45 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69cc5d6d93f08190b17d6c7a4fad2cf0 completed March 31, 2026, 11:49 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 5:20 p.m.