Estonian language

E15029

The Estonian language is a Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in Estonia, closely related to Finnish and known for its complex grammar and rich vowel system.

Aliases (3)


Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Finnic language
Uralic language
national language
standardized language
belongsTo Finnic languages
surface form: "Baltic-Finnic languages"
closelyRelatedTo Finnish language
country Estonia
direction left-to-right
family Uralic languages
hasCaseSystem true
hasConsonantGradation yes
hasFeature agglutinative morphology
extensive use of cases for syntactic relations
lack of grammatical gender
no articles
postpositions and prepositions
rich vowel inventory
hasPhonemicLengthContrast three-way quantity distinction
hasVowelHarmony partially
historicalStage Middle Estonian
Estonian language
surface form: "Modern Estonian"

Old Estonian
influencedBy German
surface form: "German language"

Russian language
Swedish language
ISO639-1Code et
ISO639-2Code est
ISO639-3Code est
languageRegulator Institute of the Estonian Language
lexicalSimilarityWithFinnish high
majorDialect North Estonian
South Estonian
moreDistantlyRelatedTo Hungarian language
numberOfGrammaticalCases 14
officialLanguageOf Estonia
primaryTerritory Estonia
regionalVariety Seto
South Estonian language
surface form: "Võro"
spokenBy ethnic Estonians
standardizationPeriod 19th century
standardVariety Standard Estonian
statusInEuropeanUnion official EU language
subfamily Finnic languages
usedIn administration in Estonia
education in Estonia
media in Estonia
writingSystem Latin script
writingTraditionSince 13th century

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Proto-Finnic language ancestorOf Estonian language
Finnish language closelyRelatedTo Estonian language
Livonian language closelyRelatedTo Estonian language
Estonia demonym Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Estonian"
Seto differentFrom Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Standard Estonian"
Institute of the Estonian Language field Estonian language
Finnic languages hasMember Estonian language
Finnic languages hasMember Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Standard Estonian"
Finno-Ugric languages hasMember Estonian language
Uralic languages hasMember Estonian language
European Union hasOfficialLanguage Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Estonian"
Estonian language historicalStage Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Modern Estonian"
Swedish Livonia languageUsed Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Estonian"
Middle Estonian precedes Estonian language
this entity surface form: "Modern Estonian"
Sami relatedTo Estonian language