Traversal Using Relays around NAT
E127259
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind firewalls or NATs to communicate by relaying their traffic through an intermediate server.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1096582 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Traversal Using Relays around NAT Context triple: [TURN, fullName, Traversal Using Relays around NAT]
-
A.
NAT-T
NAT-T (NAT Traversal) is an IPsec extension that enables VPN traffic to pass through Network Address Translation devices by encapsulating IPsec packets in UDP.
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B.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is an IP addressing and routing scheme that replaces traditional class-based networks to enable more efficient allocation of IP address space and improved route aggregation on the internet.
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C.
Teredo
Teredo is a tunneling protocol that enables IPv6 connectivity for devices on IPv4 networks, particularly those behind NAT.
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D.
IEEE 802.1CB Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability
IEEE 802.1CB Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability is an Ethernet Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard that enhances reliability by duplicating critical traffic across multiple paths and removing redundant copies at the receiver to prevent packet loss.
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E.
RFC 3415
RFC 3415 is an Internet standard that specifies the View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), defining how access to management information is controlled.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Traversal Using Relays around NAT Target entity description: Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind firewalls or NATs to communicate by relaying their traffic through an intermediate server.
-
A.
NAT-T
NAT-T (NAT Traversal) is an IPsec extension that enables VPN traffic to pass through Network Address Translation devices by encapsulating IPsec packets in UDP.
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B.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is an IP addressing and routing scheme that replaces traditional class-based networks to enable more efficient allocation of IP address space and improved route aggregation on the internet.
-
C.
Teredo
Teredo is a tunneling protocol that enables IPv6 connectivity for devices on IPv4 networks, particularly those behind NAT.
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D.
IEEE 802.1CB Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability
IEEE 802.1CB Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability is an Ethernet Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard that enhances reliability by duplicating critical traffic across multiple paths and removing redundant copies at the receiver to prevent packet loss.
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E.
RFC 3415
RFC 3415 is an Internet standard that specifies the View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), defining how access to management information is controlled.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
NAT traversal protocol
ⓘ
network protocol ⓘ |
| abbreviation | TURN ⓘ |
| category | application layer protocol ⓘ |
| defaultPort | 3478 ⓘ |
| defaultPortTLS | 5349 ⓘ |
| definedInRFC | RFC 5766 ⓘ |
| definesRole |
TURN client
ⓘ
TURN relay ⓘ TURN server ⓘ |
| designedToWorkWith | ICE for candidate gathering ⓘ |
| extends | STUN for relaying data ⓘ |
| firstStandardized | 2010 ⓘ |
| fullName | Traversal Using Relays around NAT self-link ⓘ |
| maintainedBy | IETF BEHAVE working group ⓘ |
| messageFormatBasedOn | STUN message format ⓘ |
| obsoletes | RFC 3489 relay usage aspects ⓘ |
| purpose |
enable communication between endpoints behind NATs or firewalls
ⓘ
relay media and data traffic through an intermediate server ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
ICE
ⓘ
Interactive Connectivity Establishment ⓘ STUN ⓘ Session Traversal Utilities for NAT ⓘ |
| securityFeature |
confidentiality when used over TLS or DTLS
ⓘ
integrity protection via message integrity attributes ⓘ long-term credentials for authentication ⓘ short-term credentials for authentication ⓘ |
| standardizedBy |
Internet Engineering Task Force
ⓘ
surface form:
IETF
|
| status | Proposed Standard ⓘ |
| supports |
allocation of relay addresses
ⓘ
channel bindings ⓘ keepalive mechanisms ⓘ lifetime management of allocations ⓘ mobility across IP address changes (with extensions) ⓘ permission creation for peer addresses ⓘ |
| supportsIPVersion |
IPv4
ⓘ
IPv6 ⓘ |
| updatedBy |
RFC 6062
ⓘ
RFC 6156 ⓘ RFC 8016 ⓘ |
| usedIn |
VoIP
ⓘ
WebRTC ⓘ peer-to-peer communication systems ⓘ real-time multimedia applications ⓘ video conferencing ⓘ |
| usesServerType | TURN server ⓘ |
| usesTransportProtocol |
DTLS
ⓘ
Transmission Control Protocol ⓘ
surface form:
TCP
TLS ⓘ UDP ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: Traversal Using Relays around NAT Description of subject: Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a network protocol that enables devices behind firewalls or NATs to communicate by relaying their traffic through an intermediate server.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.