United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association
E1002824
United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association was an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that held railroad rate-fixing agreements violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, even if the rates were reasonable.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T12791669 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association Context triple: [Northern Securities Co. v. United States, precededBy, United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association]
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A.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States is a notable U.S. Supreme Court decision from the White Court era involving federal regulation of railroads and interstate commerce.
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B.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
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C.
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
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D.
New York Central Railroad Co. v. Winfield
New York Central Railroad Co. v. Winfield is a 1917 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the scope of federal authority over railroad worker injury claims under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, limiting the application of state workers’ compensation laws in such cases.
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E.
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association Target entity description: United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association was an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that held railroad rate-fixing agreements violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, even if the rates were reasonable.
-
A.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. United States is a notable U.S. Supreme Court decision from the White Court era involving federal regulation of railroads and interstate commerce.
-
B.
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. Chicago is an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked a key step in applying federal constitutional protections—particularly just compensation for takings—to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
C.
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins is a landmark 1938 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ended the practice of federal general common law and required federal courts in diversity cases to apply state substantive law.
-
D.
New York Central Railroad Co. v. Winfield
New York Central Railroad Co. v. Winfield is a 1917 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the scope of federal authority over railroad worker injury claims under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, limiting the application of state workers’ compensation laws in such cases.
-
E.
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan
National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan is a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision that clarified the time limits for filing employment discrimination claims, distinguishing between discrete acts and continuing violations under Title VII.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Sherman Act case
ⓘ
U.S. Supreme Court case ⓘ antitrust case ⓘ |
| appliedTo | interstate commerce ⓘ |
| appliesToIndustry | railroad industry ⓘ |
| category |
1897 in United States case law
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court cases NERFINISHED ⓘ United States antitrust case law ⓘ |
| citation | 166 U.S. 290 ⓘ |
| clarified |
that combinations among competitors to maintain rates are unlawful
ⓘ
that the Sherman Act applies to railroads ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1897 ⓘ |
| decisionType | 5–4 decision ⓘ |
| defendant |
Trans-Missouri Freight Association
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
member railroads of the Trans-Missouri Freight Association ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Edward D. White
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
other dissenting justices of the Supreme Court ⓘ |
| dissentingJusticesCount | 4 ⓘ |
| enforcedBy | United States Department of Justice NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| era | Lochner era ⓘ |
| fullName | United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| holding |
Agreements among competitors to fix rates are per se illegal under the Sherman Act
ⓘ
Railroad rate-fixing agreements violate the Sherman Antitrust Act even if the rates are reasonable ⓘ Reasonableness of prices is not a defense to a price-fixing agreement under the Sherman Act ⓘ |
| impact |
established that public benefit or reasonableness does not legalize price-fixing
ⓘ
strengthened federal antitrust enforcement against railroads ⓘ |
| interpretedPhrase | "every contract, combination... in restraint of trade" in the Sherman Act ⓘ |
| issue | Whether a railroad rate-fixing association violated §1 of the Sherman Act ⓘ |
| legalArea |
antitrust law
ⓘ
competition law ⓘ railroad regulation ⓘ |
| legalPrinciple | price-fixing is unlawful regardless of the reasonableness of the fixed price ⓘ |
| majorityJusticesCount | 5 ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Rufus W. Peckham NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| plaintiff | United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precedentFor |
broad interpretation of the term "restraint of trade" in the Sherman Act
ⓘ
per se illegality of price-fixing agreements ⓘ |
| rejectedDefense |
that fixed rates were reasonable
ⓘ
that the agreement was necessary to prevent destructive competition ⓘ |
| relatedTo | United States v. Joint Traffic Association NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| shortName | U.S. v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass'n NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted |
Sherman Act §1
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Sherman Antitrust Act NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
combination in restraint of trade
ⓘ
price-fixing agreement ⓘ railroad freight rates ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association Description of subject: United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association was an 1897 U.S. Supreme Court antitrust case that held railroad rate-fixing agreements violated the Sherman Antitrust Act, even if the rates were reasonable.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.