Middle French
E87998
Middle French is the historical stage of the French language used roughly between the 14th and 17th centuries, marking the transition from Old French to Modern French.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Middle French canonical | 24 |
| Classical French | 1 |
| French (historical) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T700362 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle French Context triple: [French, ancestor, Middle French]
-
A.
Old French
Old French was the medieval Romance language spoken in northern France and surrounding regions, which served as the linguistic ancestor of modern French and significantly influenced English after the Norman Conquest.
-
B.
Anglo-Norman
Anglo-Norman is a variety of Old Norman French that developed in England after the Norman Conquest and served as a key language of the medieval English court, law, and literature.
-
C.
French
French is a Romance language that evolved from Latin and is now spoken worldwide as both a native and official language in many countries.
-
D.
Niçard Occitan
Niçard Occitan is a Romance variety of the Occitan language traditionally spoken in and around the city of Nice in southeastern France.
-
E.
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) is a Romance language historically spoken in parts of France, Switzerland, and Italy, distinct from both French and Occitan and now considered endangered.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle French Target entity description: Middle French is the historical stage of the French language used roughly between the 14th and 17th centuries, marking the transition from Old French to Modern French.
-
A.
Old French
Old French was the medieval Romance language spoken in northern France and surrounding regions, which served as the linguistic ancestor of modern French and significantly influenced English after the Norman Conquest.
-
B.
Anglo-Norman
Anglo-Norman is a variety of Old Norman French that developed in England after the Norman Conquest and served as a key language of the medieval English court, law, and literature.
-
C.
French
French is a Romance language that evolved from Latin and is now spoken worldwide as both a native and official language in many countries.
-
D.
Niçard Occitan
Niçard Occitan is a Romance variety of the Occitan language traditionally spoken in and around the city of Nice in southeastern France.
-
E.
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) is a Romance language historically spoken in parts of France, Switzerland, and Italy, distinct from both French and Occitan and now considered endangered.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Romance language variety
ⓘ
historical language stage ⓘ stage of the French language ⓘ |
| approximateEndDate | 17th century ⓘ |
| approximateStartDate | 14th century ⓘ |
| codificationDate | 1539 ⓘ |
| codifiedBy | Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts ⓘ |
| developedFrom | Old French ⓘ |
| developedInto |
Middle French
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Classical French
Early Modern French ⓘ |
| follows | Old French ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
development of modern French pronoun system
ⓘ
emergence of more fixed word order ⓘ expansion of vocabulary through Latin and Greek borrowings ⓘ gradual reduction of case system ⓘ increasing standardization of spelling ⓘ loss of many Old French inflectional endings ⓘ transition from synthetic to more analytic grammar ⓘ |
| influenced |
Modern French orthography
ⓘ
Modern French syntax ⓘ Modern French vocabulary ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Italian
ⓘ
Latin ⓘ regional Oïl dialects ⓘ |
| isoStatus | has no separate ISO 639-3 code from French ⓘ |
| languageFamily | Romance languages ⓘ |
| legalStatus | language of royal ordinances in France ⓘ |
| partOf | history of the French language ⓘ |
| precedes |
French
ⓘ
surface form:
Modern French
|
| region | Western Europe ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Burgundy
ⓘ
French-speaking regions of Europe ⓘ Kingdom of France ⓘ |
| standardizationCenter | Paris ⓘ |
| subfamily |
Gallo-Romance languages
ⓘ
Oïl languages ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Clément Marot
ⓘ
François Rabelais ⓘ Joachim du Bellay ⓘ Pierre de Ronsard ⓘ |
| usedFor |
administration
ⓘ
law ⓘ literature ⓘ royal chancery documents ⓘ |
| usedInPeriod |
14th century
ⓘ
15th century ⓘ 16th century ⓘ early 17th century ⓘ |
| writingSystem | Latin alphabet ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Middle French Description of subject: Middle French is the historical stage of the French language used roughly between the 14th and 17th centuries, marking the transition from Old French to Modern French.
Referenced by (26)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Classical French
subject surface form:
Logres
this entity surface form:
French (historical)