Hund’s rules for ordering of terms

E879731

empirical rule rule in atomic physics spectroscopic rule

Hund’s rules for ordering of terms are empirical guidelines in atomic spectroscopy that predict the relative energies and ground-state term of an atom by specifying how electron spins and orbital angular momenta combine under LS (Russell–Saunders) coupling.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form	Occurrences
Hund’s rules	1

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	empirical rule ⓘ rule in atomic physics ⓘ spectroscopic rule ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Hund’s rules NERFINISHED ⓘ
appliesTo	LS coupling ⓘ light atoms ⓘ many-electron atoms ⓘ open-shell electron configurations ⓘ
approximate	true energy ordering of atomic terms ⓘ
assumes	LS coupling is a good approximation ⓘ weak spin–orbit coupling ⓘ
basedOn	Russell–Saunders coupling NERFINISHED ⓘ
category	selection and ordering rules in spectroscopy ⓘ
characterizes	combination of electron spins ⓘ combination of orbital angular momenta ⓘ
component	Hund’s first rule NERFINISHED ⓘ Hund’s second rule NERFINISHED ⓘ Hund’s third rule NERFINISHED ⓘ
contrastedWith	jj coupling scheme ⓘ
dependsOn	less-than-half-filled subshells ⓘ more-than-half-filled subshells ⓘ
describes	ground-state term of an atom ⓘ ordering of atomic term symbols ⓘ relative energies of atomic terms ⓘ
field	atomic physics ⓘ atomic spectroscopy ⓘ
influences	fine-structure splitting patterns ⓘ magnetic properties of atoms ⓘ
involves	electron–electron repulsion ⓘ spin–orbit interaction ⓘ
namedAfter	Friedrich Hund NERFINISHED ⓘ
originatedIn	early 20th century ⓘ
predicts	for a given multiplicity, term with largest L lies lowest ⓘ ordering of J levels within a term ⓘ term with maximum multiplicity has lowest energy ⓘ
relatedTo	term symbol notation 2S+1LJ ⓘ
relatesTo	total angular momentum quantum number J ⓘ total orbital angular momentum quantum number L ⓘ total spin quantum number S ⓘ
states	for less-than-half-filled subshells, lowest J has lowest energy ⓘ for more-than-half-filled subshells, highest J has lowest energy ⓘ
usedFor	assignment of spectroscopic terms ⓘ qualitative prediction of atomic spectra ⓘ
usedIn	construction of energy level diagrams ⓘ determination of atomic ground states ⓘ interpretation of atomic spectra ⓘ
validWhen	electron–electron interactions dominate over spin–orbit coupling ⓘ

Referenced by (2)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Russell–Saunders coupling → governs → Hund’s rules for ordering of terms ⓘ

Russell–Saunders coupling → relatedConcept → Hund’s rules for ordering of terms ⓘ

this entity surface form: Hund’s rules