Triple
T10672091
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Russell–Saunders coupling |
E251512
|
entity |
| Predicate | governs |
P760
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Hund’s rules for ordering of terms
Hund’s rules for ordering of terms are empirical guidelines in atomic spectroscopy that predict the relative energies and ground-state term of an atom by specifying how electron spins and orbital angular momenta combine under LS (Russell–Saunders) coupling.
|
E879731
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Hund’s rules for ordering of terms | Statement: [Russell–Saunders coupling, governs, Hund’s rules for ordering of terms]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hund’s rules for ordering of terms Context triple: [Russell–Saunders coupling, governs, Hund’s rules for ordering of terms]
-
A.
Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Slater-type orbital basis sets
Slater-type orbital basis sets are mathematical functions used in quantum chemistry to approximate atomic orbitals with realistic radial behavior, particularly in early and conceptual implementations of electronic structure methods.
-
D.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
E.
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Hund’s rules for ordering of terms Triple: [Russell–Saunders coupling, governs, Hund’s rules for ordering of terms]
Generated description
Hund’s rules for ordering of terms are empirical guidelines in atomic spectroscopy that predict the relative energies and ground-state term of an atom by specifying how electron spins and orbital angular momenta combine under LS (Russell–Saunders) coupling.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hund’s rules for ordering of terms Target entity description: Hund’s rules for ordering of terms are empirical guidelines in atomic spectroscopy that predict the relative energies and ground-state term of an atom by specifying how electron spins and orbital angular momenta combine under LS (Russell–Saunders) coupling.
-
A.
Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Slater-type orbital basis sets
Slater-type orbital basis sets are mathematical functions used in quantum chemistry to approximate atomic orbitals with realistic radial behavior, particularly in early and conceptual implementations of electronic structure methods.
-
D.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
E.
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aa5b0d2881909584b20efc5877f0 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:19 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d6f8648a248190a3bd284c569152e4 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 12:52 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d9886e3f108190bb6f17d4e2f394ef |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:31 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d98cdf6f0c8190a5b926c439c1aca6 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:50 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d98d5557548190a22102f1c8105e6f |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:52 p.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:09 p.m.