Cummings v. Missouri
E879579
Cummings v. Missouri was an 1867 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down post–Civil War loyalty oath requirements as unconstitutional bills of attainder and ex post facto laws.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cummings v. Missouri canonical | 1 |
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark United States Supreme Court decision ⓘ |
| citation | 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 277 ⓘ |
| constitutionalDoctrine |
limits on loyalty oaths as conditions on professional practice
ⓘ
non-retroactivity of criminal punishment ⓘ prohibition of legislative punishment without trial ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Article I, Section 10, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Article I, Section 9, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| decidedBy | Supreme Court of the United States NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1867 ⓘ |
| decisionType | majority opinion with dissents ⓘ |
| effect |
limited states’ ability to impose punitive loyalty oaths
ⓘ
protected clergy from retroactive punishment for past political sympathies ⓘ strengthened constitutional protections against bills of attainder ⓘ strengthened constitutional protections against ex post facto laws ⓘ |
| fullCaseName | Cummings v. The State of Missouri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | United States federal law NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| historicalContext | Reconstruction era following the American Civil War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| holding |
Missouri’s loyalty oath could not be applied to a Catholic priest for past conduct
ⓘ
Missouri’s loyalty oath requirement was unconstitutional as a bill of attainder ⓘ Missouri’s loyalty oath requirement was unconstitutional as an ex post facto law ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
First Amendment free exercise of religion
ⓘ
bill of attainder ⓘ constitutionality of post–Civil War loyalty oaths ⓘ ex post facto law ⓘ |
| legalProvisionChallenged | Missouri Constitution loyalty oath provision NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Justice Stephen J. Field NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| originatingJurisdiction | State of Missouri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partyRole | Cummings was a Catholic priest ⓘ |
| penaltyChallenged | disqualification from preaching without taking loyalty oath ⓘ |
| petitioner | John A. Cummings NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedAreaOfLaw |
civil liberties
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ separation of powers ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Ex parte Garland NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | State of Missouri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| stateInvolved | Missouri NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subsequentInfluence |
cited in later cases on bills of attainder
ⓘ
cited in later cases on ex post facto laws ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 19th century ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 71 ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 5–4 ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.