zanamivir

E86054

World Health Organization essential medicine antiviral drug influenza drug neuraminidase inhibitor pharmaceutical drug small molecule

Zanamivir is an inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, including strains such as the 2009 H1N1 virus.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Relenza	2
zanamivir canonical	2

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T701555 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: zanamivir
Context triple: [2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, antiviralTreatment, zanamivir]

A. oseltamivir
Oseltamivir is an oral antiviral medication (commonly known by the brand name Tamiflu) used to treat and prevent influenza, including pandemic strains such as 2009 H1N1.
B. Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
C. rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
D. Darzalex
Darzalex is a monoclonal antibody drug (daratumumab) used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
E. Vumerity
Vumerity is an oral prescription medication used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: zanamivir
Target entity description: Zanamivir is an inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, including strains such as the 2009 H1N1 virus.

A. oseltamivir
Oseltamivir is an oral antiviral medication (commonly known by the brand name Tamiflu) used to treat and prevent influenza, including pandemic strains such as 2009 H1N1.
B. Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
C. rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
D. Darzalex
Darzalex is a monoclonal antibody drug (daratumumab) used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
E. Vumerity
Vumerity is an oral prescription medication used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (56)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	World Health Organization essential medicine ⓘ antiviral drug ⓘ influenza drug ⓘ neuraminidase inhibitor ⓘ pharmaceutical drug ⓘ small molecule ⓘ
administeredAs	dry powder for inhalation ⓘ
administeredWithDevice	Diskhaler ⓘ
approvedBy	Food and Drug Administration ⓘ surface form: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
approvedInYear	1999 (US) ⓘ
belongsToClass	antiviral agents against influenza ⓘ sialic acid analogues ⓘ
cautionIn	patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ⓘ patients with underlying respiratory disease such as asthma ⓘ
commonAdverseEffect	cough ⓘ headache ⓘ throat irritation ⓘ
contraindicatedIn	patients with severe milk protein allergy ⓘ
developedBy	Biota Holdings ⓘ GlaxoSmithKline ⓘ
discoveredAt	Monash University ⓘ
discoveredBy	Mark von Itzstein ⓘ
effectiveAgainst	2009 H1N1 influenza A virus ⓘ oseltamivir-resistant influenza strains (some) ⓘ
eliminatedBy	renal excretion ⓘ
hasAdministrationFrequency	once daily for prophylaxis (typical regimen) ⓘ twice daily for treatment (typical regimen) ⓘ
hasATCCode	J05AH01 ⓘ
hasBioavailability	very low oral bioavailability ⓘ
hasBrandName	zanamivir self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Relenza
hasCASNumber	139110-80-8 ⓘ
hasChemicalFormula	C12H20N4O7 ⓘ
hasDrugBankID	DB00558 ⓘ
hasEliminationHalfLife	approximately 2.5 to 5 hours ⓘ
hasIUPACName	(2R,3R,4S)-4-guanidino-3-acetamido-2-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid ⓘ
hasMolarMass	332.31 g/mol ⓘ
hasPregnancyCategory	B (US, historical classification) ⓘ
hasProteinBinding	low protein binding ⓘ
hasPubChemCID	60855 ⓘ
hasRouteOfAdministration	inhalation ⓘ intranasal ⓘ intravenous ⓘ oral (investigational, low bioavailability) ⓘ
hasUNII	L6O9Y65WGF ⓘ
inhibits	influenza A neuraminidase ⓘ influenza B neuraminidase ⓘ
isHydrophilic	true ⓘ
isOn	World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines ⓘ surface form: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
mechanismOfAction	neuraminidase inhibition ⓘ
seriousAdverseEffect	allergic reactions ⓘ bronchospasm ⓘ
targets	influenza virus neuraminidase ⓘ
usedFor	prophylaxis of influenza A infection ⓘ prophylaxis of influenza B infection ⓘ treatment of influenza A infection ⓘ treatment of influenza B infection ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic → antiviralTreatment → zanamivir ⓘ

zanamivir → hasBrandName → zanamivir self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Relenza

influenza virus neuraminidase → isTargetOf → zanamivir ⓘ

Diskhaler → associatedWithDrug → zanamivir ⓘ