Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10
E851647
case of the Permanent Court of International Justice
international court judgment
landmark case in international law
Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 is a landmark 1927 judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice that articulated the “Lotus principle” on the permissibility of state jurisdiction in the absence of prohibitive rules of international law.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Case of the S.S. Lotus (France v. Turkey) | 1 |
| Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10259584 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 Context triple: [Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A, No. 10, citedAs, Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10]
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A.
International Court of Justice case France v. United Kingdom (1953)
The International Court of Justice case France v. United Kingdom (1953) was a territorial dispute in which the ICJ adjudicated sovereignty over the Channel Islands groups of Les Écréhous and Minquiers between the two states.
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B.
Court of Cassation of Turkey
The Court of Cassation of Turkey is the country’s highest court of appeals for civil and criminal cases, responsible for ensuring the uniform application of law across lower courts.
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C.
Matter of France
The Matter of France is the body of medieval legends and epic literature centered on Charlemagne and his paladins, forming one of the principal cycles of European chivalric romance.
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D.
Contracting Parties to the Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Contracting Parties to the Permanent Court of Arbitration are the states that have acceded to the PCA’s founding conventions and thereby participate in and support its intergovernmental framework for international dispute resolution.
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E.
Court of Cassation of Lebanon
The Court of Cassation of Lebanon is the country’s highest judicial authority, serving as the supreme court of appeal that ensures uniform interpretation and application of Lebanese law.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 Target entity description: Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 is a landmark 1927 judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice that articulated the “Lotus principle” on the permissibility of state jurisdiction in the absence of prohibitive rules of international law.
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A.
International Court of Justice case France v. United Kingdom (1953)
The International Court of Justice case France v. United Kingdom (1953) was a territorial dispute in which the ICJ adjudicated sovereignty over the Channel Islands groups of Les Écréhous and Minquiers between the two states.
-
B.
Court of Cassation of Turkey
The Court of Cassation of Turkey is the country’s highest court of appeals for civil and criminal cases, responsible for ensuring the uniform application of law across lower courts.
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C.
Matter of France
The Matter of France is the body of medieval legends and epic literature centered on Charlemagne and his paladins, forming one of the principal cycles of European chivalric romance.
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D.
Contracting Parties to the Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Contracting Parties to the Permanent Court of Arbitration are the states that have acceded to the PCA’s founding conventions and thereby participate in and support its intergovernmental framework for international dispute resolution.
-
E.
Court of Cassation of Lebanon
The Court of Cassation of Lebanon is the country’s highest judicial authority, serving as the supreme court of appeal that ensures uniform interpretation and application of Lebanese law.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
case of the Permanent Court of International Justice
ⓘ
international court judgment ⓘ landmark case in international law ⓘ |
| applicantState | France NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
customary international law
ⓘ
jurisdiction of States ⓘ public international law ⓘ |
| caseNumber | No. 10 ⓘ |
| citationStyle | S.S. "Lotus" (France v. Turkey), Judgment, 1927 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 10 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| consequence | French officer Lieutenant Demons was prosecuted in Turkey NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| contains |
dissenting opinions
ⓘ
separate opinions ⓘ |
| court | Permanent Court of International Justice NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| dateOfJudgment | 1927-09-07 ⓘ |
| decisionType | judgment on the merits ⓘ |
| disputeType | inter-state dispute ⓘ |
| factSummary | a Turkish national vessel sank and Turkish nationals died following a collision with the French vessel S.S. Lotus ⓘ |
| FranceArgument | only the flag State of the vessel on which the accused served had jurisdiction ⓘ |
| fullName | The Case of the S.S. "Lotus" (France v. Turkey) NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| holding |
States may exercise jurisdiction unless there is a prohibitive rule of international law to the contrary
ⓘ
Turkey did not act in conflict with international law by instituting criminal proceedings against the French officer ⓘ |
| influenced |
doctrine on permissive versus prohibitive rules in international law
ⓘ
subsequent jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice ⓘ |
| isConsidered | a classic authority on State jurisdiction ⓘ |
| keyPrinciple | Lotus principle NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| languageOfJudgment | French ⓘ |
| legacy |
often cited for the proposition that what is not prohibited in international law is permitted for States
ⓘ
subject to later qualification by developments in the law of the sea and human rights law ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
concurrent jurisdiction of flag State and coastal or national State
ⓘ
scope of criminal jurisdiction over incidents on the high seas ⓘ |
| originatingIncident | collision on the high seas between the French steamer S.S. Lotus and the Turkish collier Boz-Kourt GENERATED ⓘ |
| originatingIncidentDate | 1926-08-02 GENERATED ⓘ |
| originatingIncidentLocation | high seas in the Aegean Sea ⓘ |
| parties |
France
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Turkey NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| proceduralPosture | case submitted to the Court by special agreement between France and Turkey ⓘ |
| ratioDecidendi |
in international law, restrictions upon the independence of States cannot be presumed
ⓘ
in the absence of a prohibitive rule, a State is free to extend its jurisdiction ⓘ |
| respondentState | Turkey NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| series | P.C.I.J. Series A NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| shortName | Lotus case NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
criminal jurisdiction
ⓘ
jurisdiction in international law ⓘ law of the sea ⓘ |
| TurkeyArgument | Turkey could exercise criminal jurisdiction over offences producing effects on a Turkish ship and Turkish nationals ⓘ |
| vote | decision by a narrow majority ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1927 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 Description of subject: Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10 is a landmark 1927 judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice that articulated the “Lotus principle” on the permissibility of state jurisdiction in the absence of prohibitive rules of international law.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Case of the S.S. Lotus (France v. Turkey)
Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice, Series A, No. 10
→
citedAs
→
Lotus (France v. Turkey), P.C.I.J. Series A No. 10
ⓘ