Standard Oil

E83368

business trust defunct company industrial monopoly oil company

Standard Oil was a dominant late-19th and early-20th century American oil trust that became a symbol of industrial monopoly and led to landmark antitrust regulation.

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Observed surface forms (6)

Surface form	Occurrences
Standard Oil Company	5
Exxon	1
Standard Oil Trust	1
Standard Oil monopoly	1
Standard Oil of New Jersey	1
Standard Oil trust	1

Statements (88)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	business trust ⓘ defunct company ⓘ industrial monopoly ⓘ oil company ⓘ
brokenUpInto	Anglo-Persian Oil Company ⓘ surface form: Anglo-American Oil Company Buckeye Pipe Line Company ⓘ Chesebrough Manufacturing Company ⓘ Continental Oil Company ⓘ Prairie Oil and Gas Company ⓘ Standard Oil of California ⓘ Standard Oil Company of Indiana ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil of Indiana Exxon ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil of New Jersey Exxon ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil of New York Standard Oil of Ohio ⓘ The Ohio Oil Company ⓘ
businessPractice	aggressive acquisitions of competitors ⓘ preferential freight rates ⓘ rebates from railroads ⓘ
businessStrategy	horizontal integration ⓘ vertical integration ⓘ
controlledMarketShareOfU.S.Refining	over 90% at its peak ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
criticizedFor	anticompetitive practices ⓘ market domination ⓘ predatory pricing ⓘ
dissolutionBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
dissolutionCause	Sherman Antitrust Act ⓘ surface form: Sherman Antitrust Act enforcement
dissolutionDecision	antitrust case Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
dissolutionDecisionYear	1911 ⓘ
dissolved	1911 ⓘ
foundedBy	Henry Flagler ⓘ John D. Rockefeller ⓘ Samuel Andrews ⓘ Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness ⓘ surface form: Stephen V. Harkness William Rockefeller ⓘ
headquartersLocation	Cleveland, Ohio NERFINISHED ⓘ
inception	1870 ⓘ
industry	oil marketing ⓘ oil refining ⓘ oil transportation ⓘ petroleum industry ⓘ
influencedBy	growth of the U.S. industrial economy ⓘ
keyPerson	Henry Flagler ⓘ Henry H. Rogers ⓘ John D. Archbold NERFINISHED ⓘ John D. Rockefeller ⓘ Oliver H. Payne NERFINISHED ⓘ William Rockefeller ⓘ
laterHeadquartersLocation	New York City ⓘ
legalForm	corporation ⓘ trust ⓘ
operatedIn	Asia ⓘ Europe ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
parentOrganizationOf	Anglo-American Oil Company ⓘ Buckeye Pipe Line Company ⓘ Chesebrough Manufacturing Company ⓘ Continental Oil Company ⓘ Prairie Oil and Gas Company ⓘ Standard Oil of California ⓘ Standard Oil Company of Indiana ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil of Indiana Standard Oil self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Standard Oil of New Jersey Standard Oil of New York ⓘ Standard Oil of Ohio ⓘ The Ohio Oil Company ⓘ
product	gasoline ⓘ kerosene ⓘ lubricating oil ⓘ petroleum by-products ⓘ
reasonForNotability	central case in U.S. antitrust law ⓘ dominant American oil trust in the late 19th century ⓘ pioneered vertical integration in the oil industry ⓘ symbol of industrial monopoly in the United States ⓘ
regulationInfluence	development of U.S. antitrust policy ⓘ interpretation of the Sherman Antitrust Act ⓘ
subjectOf	Ida Tarbell ⓘ surface form: Ida Tarbell's exposé "The History of the Standard Oil Company"
successor	Amoco ⓘ BP (through acquisitions of Standard descendants) ⓘ Chevron Corporation ⓘ surface form: Chevron Continental Oil Company ⓘ surface form: Conoco Exxon ⓘ Marathon Oil ⓘ Mobil ⓘ
timePeriod	early 20th century ⓘ late 19th century ⓘ
transportInfrastructure	oil pipelines ⓘ storage facilities ⓘ tank cars ⓘ

Referenced by (16)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Rockefeller family → associatedCompany → Standard Oil ⓘ

this entity surface form: Exxon

Henry Flagler → coFounded → Standard Oil ⓘ

John D. Rockefeller → coFounded → Standard Oil ⓘ