Archaea

E6420

Archaea are a domain of single-celled microorganisms distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, often known for thriving in extreme environments and possessing unique biochemical and genetic features.

Aliases (1)

Statements (85)
Predicate Object
instanceOf domain of life
microorganism
prokaryote
archaellaSimilarity functionally similar to bacterial flagella
archaellaStructure distinct from bacterial flagella
biotechnologicalUses extremozymes
thermostable enzymes
cellDivisionMachinery shares features with eukaryotes
cellShape bacilli
cocci
irregular shapes
cellType unicellular
cellWallComponents polysaccharides
proteins
pseudopeptidoglycan
cellWallContainsPeptidoglycan false
chromosomeStructure single circular chromosome
discoveredBy Carl Woese
discoveryMethod 16S rRNA sequence analysis
distinguishedFrom Bacteria
Eukarya
electronAcceptors carbon dioxide
metal ions
nitrate
sulfur
energySources chemolithotrophy
chemoorganotrophy
phototrophy (non-oxygenic)
environmentalImportance greenhouse gas emissions control
nutrient cycling
foundIn biofilms
marine plankton
sediments
GCContent variable
geneticMaterial circular DNA chromosome
genomeSizeRange small to moderate
habitats acidic environments
alkaline environments
animal digestive tracts
hot springs
human microbiome
hydrothermal vents
open ocean
salt lakes
soil
histoneLikeProteins present
includes acidophiles
halophiles
methanogens
psychrophiles
thermophiles
intronsInGenes sometimes present
kingdomsIncluded Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Korarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota
Thaumarchaeota
membraneBoundOrganelles absent
membraneLipidBackbone glycerol-1-phosphate
membraneLipidSideChains isoprenoid chains
membraneLipidType ether-linked lipids
metabolicDiversity high
motilityStructures archaella
nucleus absent
originalName archaebacteria
oxygenRelationship aerobic species present
anaerobic species present
pathogenicityToHumans rare or unknown
peptidoglycanTargetingAntibioticSensitivity generally resistant
phylogeneticPosition separate from bacteria and eukaryotes
plasmids present
recognizedAsDomain late 1970s
reproductionMethods binary fission
budding
fragmentation
reproductionType asexual
ribosomalRNAFeatures similar to eukaryotes
ribosomeType 70S
roleInCarbonCycle methane production
roleInNitrogenCycle ammonia oxidation
sporeFormation generally absent
taxonomicRank domain
transcriptionMachinerySimilarity eukaryotes
translationInitiation similar to eukaryotes
tRNAFeatures similar to eukaryotes


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