Gross–Pitaevskii equation

E57416

The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation that describes the macroscopic wavefunction and dynamics of weakly interacting Bose gases at ultra-cold temperatures.


Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf equation in quantum many-body physics
mean-field theory
nonlinear Schrödinger equation
partial differential equation
appliesTo dilute Bose–Einstein condensates
ultra-cold atomic gases
weakly interacting Bose gases
approximationValidity dilute gas limit
low temperature limit
assumes all bosons occupy the same single-particle state
contact interaction between particles
s-wave scattering dominance
basedOn Hartree–Fock method
surface form: Hartree approximation

mean-field approximation
derivedFrom Schrödinger equation
surface form: many-body Schrödinger equation
describes dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates
macroscopic wavefunction of a weakly interacting Bose gas
order parameter of a Bose–Einstein condensate
field condensed matter physics
quantum optics
ultra-cold atom physics
governs collective excitations in Bose–Einstein condensates
time evolution of condensate order parameter
hasNonlinearityType cubic nonlinearity
hasParameter Planck constant
external potential
interaction strength
particle mass
s-wave scattering length
hasSolutionType bright solitons
dark solitons
stationary states
time-dependent solutions
vortex lattice states
includesTerm external trapping potential term
interaction energy term proportional to density
kinetic energy term
mathematicalForm nonlinear complex-valued partial differential equation
namedAfter Eugene P. Gross
Lev Pitaevskii
relatedTo Bogoliubov theory of weakly interacting Bose gases
nonlinear Schrödinger equation in nonlinear optics
temperatureRegime ultra-cold temperatures
usedFor describing superfluid flow in dilute Bose systems
modeling vortices in Bose–Einstein condensates
simulating interference of Bose–Einstein condensates
studying collective modes of trapped condensates
studying ground-state properties of trapped condensates
studying solitons in Bose gases

Referenced by (1)

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Bose–Einstein condensate hasTheoreticalBasis Gross–Pitaevskii equation