Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976

E533554

Act of Parliament of India Constitutional amendment of India

The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 is a major and controversial amendment to the Indian Constitution enacted during the Emergency, known for significantly expanding central government powers and curtailing the jurisdiction of the judiciary.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India	2
Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5573926 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
Context triple: [Article 124 of the Constitution of India, amendedBy, Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976]

A. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
B. Sixty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India
The Sixty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India is the 1991 constitutional change that granted Delhi a special status as the National Capital Territory with a legislative assembly and council of ministers.
C. Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
D. 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India
The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India is a landmark constitutional reform enacted in 1978 that curtailed the sweeping powers introduced during the Emergency, strengthened civil liberties, and sought to prevent future abuses of emergency provisions.
E. Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936
The Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936 was a pivotal Irish Free State law that significantly altered the 1922 Constitution, including measures that effectively removed the office of Governor-General and advanced the state’s constitutional independence from Britain.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
Target entity description: The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 is a major and controversial amendment to the Indian Constitution enacted during the Emergency, known for significantly expanding central government powers and curtailing the jurisdiction of the judiciary.

A. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
B. Sixty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India
The Sixty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India is the 1991 constitutional change that granted Delhi a special status as the National Capital Territory with a legislative assembly and council of ministers.
C. Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
D. 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India
The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India is a landmark constitutional reform enacted in 1978 that curtailed the sweeping powers introduced during the Emergency, strengthened civil liberties, and sought to prevent future abuses of emergency provisions.
E. Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936
The Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936 was a pivotal Irish Free State law that significantly altered the 1922 Constitution, including measures that effectively removed the office of Governor-General and advanced the state’s constitutional independence from Britain.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (73)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Act of Parliament of India ⓘ Constitutional amendment of India ⓘ
affectedPart	Part III of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part IV of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part IVA of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part VI of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XI of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XII of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XIV of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XV of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XVI of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Part XVIII of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Preamble to the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
aimedTo	reduce scope of High Courts’ writ jurisdiction ⓘ strengthen centralization of power ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ Mini-Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ
amendedArticle	Article 131 ⓘ Article 144A ⓘ Article 226 ⓘ Article 226A ⓘ Article 227 ⓘ Article 228A ⓘ Article 31C ⓘ Article 368 ⓘ Article 74 ⓘ
assentDate	1976-12-18 ⓘ
assentedToBy	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed NERFINISHED ⓘ
attemptedToLimit	Judicial review ⓘ
attemptedToMake	Parliamentary amendment power virtually unlimited ⓘ
cameIntoForceOn	1976-01-03 ⓘ 1976-02-01 ⓘ 1976-04-01 ⓘ
changedPreambleByAddingPhrase	integrity of the Nation ⓘ
changedPreambleByAddingWord	Secular ⓘ Socialist ⓘ
characterizedAs	controversial ⓘ far-reaching ⓘ
country	India ⓘ
curtailedPowersOf	Judiciary of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
enactedBy	Parliament of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
expandedPowersOf	Union government of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
governingDocumentAmended	Constitution of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
insertedArticle	Article 39A ⓘ Article 43A ⓘ Article 48A ⓘ
insertedPart	Part IVA ⓘ
insertedSchedule	Tenth Schedule NERFINISHED ⓘ
introducedBy	H. R. Gokhale NERFINISHED ⓘ
introducedConcept	Fundamental Duties of citizens ⓘ
introducedDuring	The Emergency (India, 1975–1977) NERFINISHED ⓘ
introducedInGovernmentOf	Indira Gandhi NERFINISHED ⓘ
languageOfText	English ⓘ
legislativeBody	Lok Sabha NERFINISHED ⓘ Rajya Sabha NERFINISHED ⓘ
locationOfFundamentalDuties	Article 51A ⓘ
nicknamed	Mini-Constitution NERFINISHED ⓘ
numberOfArticlesAmended	40 ⓘ
numberOfSections	59 ⓘ
partiallyInvalidatedBy	Supreme Court of India in Minerva Mills judgment NERFINISHED ⓘ
partiallyModifiedBy	Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 NERFINISHED ⓘ
politicalContext	Indian Emergency ⓘ
reducedTenureOf	Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from six years back to five years (later reversed by 44th Amendment) ⓘ
relatedCaseLaw	Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (as background on basic structure doctrine) NERFINISHED ⓘ Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India NERFINISHED ⓘ
shiftedSubjectToConcurrentList	Education ⓘ Forests ⓘ Protection of wild animals and birds ⓘ Weights and measures ⓘ
strengthened	Directive Principles of State Policy NERFINISHED ⓘ
subjectArea	Constitutional law ⓘ
year	1976 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Article 124 of the Constitution of India → amendedBy → Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 ⓘ

Article 368 → wasAmendedBy → Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 ⓘ

this entity surface form: 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India

Article 74 of the Constitution of India → amendedBy → Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 ⓘ