Essenes

E48949

The Essenes were an ascetic Jewish sect of the Second Temple period, often linked to the Dead Sea Scrolls and known for their communal lifestyle, strict purity laws, and apocalyptic beliefs.

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Observed surface forms (1)

Surface form Occurrences
Qumran community 2

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Jewish sect
religious community
associatedWith Dead Sea Scrolls
Qumran
surface form: Qumran community
countryOfOrigin Judea
dissolvedIn 1st century CE
eschatology belief in final battle between forces of light and darkness
expectation of messianic figures
hasCharacteristic apocalyptic beliefs
asceticism
celibacy (for at least some members)
communal lifestyle
daily communal meals
dualistic worldview
emphasis on priestly purity
expectation of imminent divine judgment
oath-bound membership
observance of the Sabbath
rejection of temple leadership in Jerusalem
ritual immersion
shared property
strict discipline
strict initiation process
strict purity laws
language Aramaic
Hebrew
locatedInTimePeriod 1st century CE
2nd century BCE
Second Temple Judaism
surface form: Second Temple period
mainSourceOfInformation Flavius Josephus
Philo of Alexandria
Pliny the Elder
mentionedInWork Antiquities of the Jews
Hypothetica (by Philo)
Josephus’s work "The Jewish War"
surface form: The Jewish War
possibleInfluenceOn Jewish apocalyptic literature
Early Christians
surface form: early Christianity
possibleSettlementAt Qumran
religion Judaism
religiousBranchOf Second Temple Judaism
religiousPractice communal prayer
frequent ritual baths
interpretation of Torah
strict dietary rules
socialStructure communal ownership of goods
elders as leaders
graded membership
viewOnLaw strict interpretation of Mosaic Law
viewOnTemple critical of Jerusalem Temple priesthood

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Qumran associatedWith Essenes
this entity surface form: Qumran community
Qumran associatedWith Essenes
Sadducees contrastedWith Essenes
this entity surface form: Qumran community
Pharisees opposedBy Essenes