Saul Perlmutter
E418133
Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Saul Perlmutter canonical | 8 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4163746 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saul Perlmutter Context triple: [Gruber Cosmology Prize, notableRecipient, Saul Perlmutter]
-
A.
George F. Smoot
George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
-
B.
Sammy Perlmutter
Sammy Perlmutter is a television producer best known for serving as an executive producer on the anthology series "Genius."
-
C.
Brian Schmidt
Brian Schmidt is an American-Australian astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate recognized for his work on the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
D.
Shira Perlmutter
Shira Perlmutter is an American intellectual property lawyer and policy expert who serves as the Register of Copyrights and director of the U.S. Copyright Office.
-
E.
John C. Mather
John C. Mather is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, Nobel Prize laureate, and a leading scientist behind NASA’s Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission that helped confirm the Big Bang theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saul Perlmutter Target entity description: Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
A.
George F. Smoot
George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
-
B.
Sammy Perlmutter
Sammy Perlmutter is a television producer best known for serving as an executive producer on the anthology series "Genius."
-
C.
Brian Schmidt
Brian Schmidt is an American-Australian astrophysicist and Nobel Prize laureate recognized for his work on the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
-
D.
Shira Perlmutter
Shira Perlmutter is an American intellectual property lawyer and policy expert who serves as the Register of Copyrights and director of the U.S. Copyright Office.
-
E.
John C. Mather
John C. Mather is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist, Nobel Prize laureate, and a leading scientist behind NASA’s Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission that helped confirm the Big Bang theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate
ⓘ
academic ⓘ astrophysicist ⓘ human ⓘ physicist ⓘ |
| academicDegree |
Bachelor of Arts in Physics
ⓘ
PhD in Physics ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
Albert Einstein Medal
ⓘ
Fundamental Physics Prize ⓘ
surface form:
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics
Gruber Cosmology Prize ⓘ Nobel Prize in Physics ⓘ Shaw Prize in Astronomy ⓘ |
| citizenship | American ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1959-09-22 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Harvard University
ⓘ
University of California, Berkeley ⓘ |
| employer |
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
ⓘ
University of California, Berkeley ⓘ |
| era |
20th-century physics
ⓘ
21st-century physics ⓘ |
| familyName | Perlmutter ⓘ |
| fieldContribution | use of Type Ia supernovae as standard candles for cosmology ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
astrophysics
ⓘ
cosmology ⓘ |
| gender | male ⓘ |
| givenName | Saul ⓘ |
| hasDoctoralAdvisor | Richard A. Muller ⓘ |
| knownFor |
discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe
ⓘ
evidence for dark energy ⓘ observations of distant Type Ia supernovae ⓘ |
| languageSpoken | English ⓘ |
| memberOf | Supernova Cosmology Project ⓘ |
| name | Saul Perlmutter self-link ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeCategory | Physics ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeMotivation | for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeYear | 2011 ⓘ |
| notableWork | leadership of the Supernova Cosmology Project ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Urbana–Champaign, Illinois
ⓘ
surface form:
Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, United States
|
| positionHeld |
professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley
ⓘ
senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ⓘ |
| researchInterest |
cosmic expansion
ⓘ
dark energy ⓘ supernovae ⓘ |
| sharedNobelPrizeWith |
Adam G. Riess
ⓘ
Brian Schmidt ⓘ
surface form:
Brian P. Schmidt
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Saul Perlmutter Description of subject: Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his leadership in discovering the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.