Sturm und Drang
E41405
Sturm und Drang was a late 18th-century German literary and cultural movement characterized by emotional intensity, individualism, and rebellion against Enlightenment rationalism, and is often seen as a precursor to Romanticism.
Observed surface forms (3)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| "Sturm und Drang" (play) | 1 |
| Sturm und Drang poetry | 1 |
| Sturm und Drang theatre | 1 |
Statements (208)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cultural movement
ⓘ
literary movement ⓘ |
| aim |
affirmation of individual genius
ⓘ
creation of a distinct German literature ⓘ critique of rationalist constraints ⓘ exploration of extreme emotions ⓘ liberation of artistic expression ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Germany ⓘ |
| endTime | early 1780s ⓘ |
| etymology | German phrase meaning "storm and stress" ⓘ |
| field |
aesthetics
ⓘ
drama ⓘ literature ⓘ music ⓘ poetry ⓘ prose fiction ⓘ theatre ⓘ |
| genre |
Classical-period music
ⓘ
German drama ⓘ German literature ⓘ German poetry ⓘ German prose ⓘ symphonic music ⓘ theatrical drama ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
admiration for Shakespearean drama
ⓘ
anti-classicism ⓘ conflict between feeling and social norms ⓘ conflict between individual and society ⓘ conflict between nature and civilization ⓘ critique of absolutism ⓘ critique of social hierarchy ⓘ dramatic conflicts ⓘ dramatic monologues ⓘ emotional intensity ⓘ emphasis on authenticity ⓘ emphasis on creative genius ⓘ emphasis on emotional truth ⓘ emphasis on freedom ⓘ emphasis on inner experience ⓘ emphasis on musicality of language ⓘ emphasis on originality ⓘ emphasis on originality over imitation ⓘ emphasis on spontaneity ⓘ emphasis on strong passions ⓘ experimentation with dramatic form ⓘ focus on father–son conflicts ⓘ focus on middle-class and lower-class characters ⓘ focus on the outsider and rebel ⓘ focus on youthful protagonists ⓘ genius cult ⓘ individualism ⓘ intense emotional conflicts ⓘ interest in Shakespeare ⓘ interest in autobiographical elements ⓘ interest in confessional writing ⓘ interest in criminal and marginal figures ⓘ interest in epistolary form ⓘ interest in extreme situations ⓘ interest in fate and destiny ⓘ interest in folk culture ⓘ interest in folk songs and ballads ⓘ interest in genius as outsider ⓘ interest in historical and national themes ⓘ interest in innate human goodness ⓘ interest in irrational drives ⓘ interest in medieval and national past ⓘ interest in natural law ⓘ interest in regional dialects ⓘ interest in sentimentalism ⓘ interest in spontaneous expression ⓘ interest in the grotesque ⓘ interest in the irrational ⓘ interest in the sublime ⓘ interest in the uncanny ⓘ nature worship ⓘ night and tempest motifs ⓘ pathetic fallacy ⓘ prefiguration of Romantic genius cult ⓘ prefiguration of Romantic nature concept ⓘ prefiguration of Romantic subjectivity ⓘ psychological depth ⓘ rebellion against Enlightenment rationalism ⓘ rejection of Aristotelian unities ⓘ rejection of French neoclassicism ⓘ rejection of strict literary rules ⓘ revolt against authority ⓘ social criticism ⓘ stormy natural imagery ⓘ subjectivity ⓘ suicide motifs ⓘ tragic endings ⓘ tragic love ⓘ transition towards Romanticism ⓘ use of colloquial language ⓘ use of fragmentary forms ⓘ use of open form drama ⓘ use of prose drama ⓘ |
| hasNotableAuthor |
Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart
ⓘ
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger ⓘ Friedrich Müller (Maler Müller) ⓘ Friedrich Schiller ⓘ Heinrich Leopold Wagner ⓘ Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz ⓘ Johann Anton Leisewitz ⓘ Johann Gottfried Herder ⓘ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ⓘ |
| hasNotableComposer |
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
ⓘ
Christoph Willibald Gluck ⓘ Franz Joseph Rosetti ⓘ Johann Baptist Vanhal ⓘ Joseph Haydn ⓘ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ⓘ |
| hasNotableMusicWork |
C. P. E. Bach keyboard sonatas of the 1760s–1770s
ⓘ
Haydn Symphony No. 44 "Trauer" ⓘ Haydn Symphony No. 45 "Farewell" ⓘ Haydn Symphony No. 49 "La passione" ⓘ Haydn Symphony No. 52 ⓘ Mozart Symphony No. 25 in G minor ⓘ Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor ⓘ Rosetti symphonies in minor keys ⓘ Vanhal symphonies in minor keys ⓘ |
| hasNotableWork |
"Der Hofmeister"
ⓘ
The Sorrows of Young Werther ⓘ
surface form:
"Die Leiden des jungen Werthers"
"Die Räuber" ⓘ "Götz von Berlichingen" ⓘ "Kabale und Liebe" ⓘ Sturm und Drang self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
"Sturm und Drang" (play)
|
| hasPart |
Sturm und Drang aesthetics
ⓘ
Sturm und Drang drama ⓘ Sturm und Drang literature ⓘ Sturm und Drang music ⓘ Sturm und Drang self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Sturm und Drang poetry
Sturm und Drang prose ⓘ Sturm und Drang self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Sturm und Drang theatre
|
| hasTheme |
authenticity and hypocrisy
ⓘ
class conflict ⓘ conflict between feeling and reason ⓘ family conflict ⓘ fate and self-determination ⓘ freedom and oppression ⓘ genius and society ⓘ honor and revenge ⓘ inner conflict ⓘ irrational drives ⓘ love and despair ⓘ moral ambiguity ⓘ national identity ⓘ nature and civilization ⓘ social injustice ⓘ suicide ⓘ the conflict between duty and passion ⓘ the limits of reason ⓘ the power of music ⓘ the sublime in nature ⓘ the suffering of genius ⓘ tragic love ⓘ youthful rebellion ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
Holy Roman Empire
ⓘ
age of Enlightenment ⓘ late Baroque to Classical transition ⓘ pre-Romantic era ⓘ rise of German national consciousness ⓘ |
| influenced |
European Romanticism
ⓘ
Romanticism ⓘ
surface form:
German Romanticism
German national literature ⓘ later German drama ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
English literature
ⓘ
Age of Enlightenment ⓘ
surface form:
Enlightenment
Ossian ⓘ
surface form:
Ossianic poetry
William Shakespeare ⓘ
surface form:
Shakespeare
folk traditions ⓘ sensibility movement ⓘ |
| language | German ⓘ |
| mainRegion | German-speaking Europe ⓘ |
| movementPeriod | late 18th century ⓘ |
| musicStyleCharacteristic |
agitated rhythms
ⓘ
chromaticism ⓘ dramatic crescendos ⓘ dramatic orchestral effects ⓘ emotional intensity in symphonies ⓘ emphasis on contrast ⓘ emphasis on dramatic narrative ⓘ emphasis on emotional extremes ⓘ emphasis on expressive melody ⓘ emphasis on orchestral color ⓘ emphasis on tension and release ⓘ expressive dissonance ⓘ expressive use of silence ⓘ minor keys ⓘ orchestral tremolos ⓘ stormy character ⓘ sudden dynamic contrasts ⓘ sudden textural changes ⓘ syncopation ⓘ use of minor-mode slow movements ⓘ |
| namedAfter | play "Sturm und Drang" by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger ⓘ |
| opposedTo |
Enlightenment rationalism
ⓘ
Neoclassicism ⓘ
surface form:
French neoclassicism
absolutist authority ⓘ classical rules of drama ⓘ social conformity ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Empfindsamkeit
ⓘ
German Enlightenment ⓘ Pre-Romanticism ⓘ Romanticism ⓘ Sentimentalism ⓘ Weimar Classicism ⓘ |
| startTime | late 1760s ⓘ |
Referenced by (12)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
"Sturm und Drang" (play)
this entity surface form:
Sturm und Drang poetry
this entity surface form:
Sturm und Drang theatre