Lee Bollinger

E390634

academic administrator human legal scholar university president

Lee Bollinger is an American legal scholar and academic leader who served as president of Columbia University and is known for his influential role in landmark affirmative action and free speech cases.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Lee C. Bollinger	2
Lee Bollinger canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3830369 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Lee Bollinger
Context triple: [Grutter v. Bollinger, respondent, Lee Bollinger]

A. Russell G. Cory
Russell G. Cory was an architect known for his work on New York City's landmark Starrett-Lehigh Building, a prominent example of early 20th-century industrial modernism.
B. Harvey V. Fineberg
Harvey V. Fineberg is an American physician and public health scholar known for his leadership roles in major health and philanthropic institutions, including serving as president of the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine).
C. Richard P. Levine
Richard P. Levine is a film producer best known for his work on the World War II epic "A Bridge Too Far."
D. Michael M. Crow
Michael M. Crow is an American academic leader and innovation-focused university administrator best known for transforming Arizona State University into a large, research-intensive public institution.
E. Clark Kerr
Clark Kerr was an influential American academic and administrator who served as president of the University of California system during the turbulent 1960s, becoming a central figure in debates over student activism and free speech.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Lee Bollinger
Target entity description: Lee Bollinger is an American legal scholar and academic leader who served as president of Columbia University and is known for his influential role in landmark affirmative action and free speech cases.

A. Russell G. Cory
Russell G. Cory was an architect known for his work on New York City's landmark Starrett-Lehigh Building, a prominent example of early 20th-century industrial modernism.
B. Harvey V. Fineberg
Harvey V. Fineberg is an American physician and public health scholar known for his leadership roles in major health and philanthropic institutions, including serving as president of the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine).
C. Richard P. Levine
Richard P. Levine is a film producer best known for his work on the World War II epic "A Bridge Too Far."
D. Michael M. Crow
Michael M. Crow is an American academic leader and innovation-focused university administrator best known for transforming Arizona State University into a large, research-intensive public institution.
E. Clark Kerr
Clark Kerr was an influential American academic and administrator who served as president of the University of California system during the turbulent 1960s, becoming a central figure in debates over student activism and free speech.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	academic administrator ⓘ human ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ university president ⓘ
areaOfInfluence	civil rights law ⓘ higher education policy ⓘ media law ⓘ
awardReceived	National Humanities Medal ⓘ
countryOfCitizenship	United States of America ⓘ
educatedAt	Columbia Law School ⓘ University of Oregon ⓘ
employer	Columbia University ⓘ University of Michigan ⓘ
familyName	Bollinger ⓘ
fieldOfWork	First Amendment free press theory (United States) ⓘ surface form: First Amendment law affirmative action ⓘ constitutional law ⓘ freedom of speech ⓘ
givenName	Lee ⓘ
hasAcademicAppointment	Columbia Law School ⓘ University of Michigan Law School ⓘ
hasAcademicRank	professor ⓘ
knownFor	advocacy for free speech on campus ⓘ defending race-conscious admissions policies ⓘ globalization initiatives at Columbia University ⓘ
memberOf	American Academy of Arts and Sciences ⓘ American Philosophical Society ⓘ
name	Lee Bollinger self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Lee C. Bollinger
notableFor	defense of academic freedom ⓘ expansion of Columbia University ⓘ leadership in affirmative action litigation ⓘ scholarship on freedom of speech ⓘ
notableWork	Gratz v. Bollinger ⓘ Grutter v. Bollinger ⓘ Images of a Free Press ⓘ The Free Press and Democracy ⓘ The Tolerant Society ⓘ Uninhibited, Robust, and Wide-Open: A Free Press for a New Century ⓘ
occupation	law professor ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ university president ⓘ
positionHeld	Dean of the University of Michigan Law School ⓘ President of Columbia University ⓘ President of the University of Michigan ⓘ Provost of Dartmouth College ⓘ
sexOrGender	male ⓘ
workLocation	Ann Arbor ⓘ surface form: Ann Arbor, Michigan New York City ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Grutter v. Bollinger → respondent → Lee Bollinger ⓘ

Gratz v. Bollinger → respondent → Lee Bollinger ⓘ

this entity surface form: Lee C. Bollinger

Lee Bollinger → name → Lee Bollinger self-linksurface differs ⓘ