Bahya ibn Paquda

E384019

Jewish ethicist Jewish philosopher medieval Jewish thinker rabbi

Bahya ibn Paquda was an 11th-century Jewish philosopher and ethicist best known for his seminal work "Duties of the Heart," which systematized Jewish ethical and spiritual thought.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Bahya ibn Paquda canonical	5
Bahya ibn Paquda of Zaragoza	2
Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3718214 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Bahya ibn Paquda
Context triple: [Emunot ve-Deot, influenced, Bahya ibn Paquda]

A. Ibn Sabin
Ibn Sabin was a 13th-century Andalusian Sufi philosopher and mystic known for his radical metaphysical ideas and contributions to Islamic philosophical thought.
B. Ibn ‘Ajiba
Ibn ‘Ajiba was an 18th–19th century Moroccan Sufi scholar, Qur’anic commentator, and spiritual master known for integrating Shadhili mystical teachings with rigorous Islamic scholarship.
C. Ibn al-Bawwab
Ibn al-Bawwab was an influential 10th–11th century Persian calligrapher renowned for refining and codifying classical Arabic scripts, particularly in Qur’anic manuscripts.
D. Ibn al-Salah
Ibn al-Salah was a prominent 13th-century Kurdish Muslim hadith scholar and jurist best known for his foundational work "Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah" on hadith sciences.
E. Saadia Kobashi
Saadia Kobashi was an Israeli political figure who served as a representative in the pre-state Provisional Council of Israel (Moetzet HaAm).
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Bahya ibn Paquda
Target entity description: Bahya ibn Paquda was an 11th-century Jewish philosopher and ethicist best known for his seminal work "Duties of the Heart," which systematized Jewish ethical and spiritual thought.

A. Ibn Sabin
Ibn Sabin was a 13th-century Andalusian Sufi philosopher and mystic known for his radical metaphysical ideas and contributions to Islamic philosophical thought.
B. Ibn ‘Ajiba
Ibn ‘Ajiba was an 18th–19th century Moroccan Sufi scholar, Qur’anic commentator, and spiritual master known for integrating Shadhili mystical teachings with rigorous Islamic scholarship.
C. Ibn al-Bawwab
Ibn al-Bawwab was an influential 10th–11th century Persian calligrapher renowned for refining and codifying classical Arabic scripts, particularly in Qur’anic manuscripts.
D. Ibn al-Salah
Ibn al-Salah was a prominent 13th-century Kurdish Muslim hadith scholar and jurist best known for his foundational work "Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah" on hadith sciences.
E. Saadia Kobashi
Saadia Kobashi was an Israeli political figure who served as a representative in the pre-state Provisional Council of Israel (Moetzet HaAm).
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Jewish ethicist ⓘ Jewish philosopher ⓘ medieval Jewish thinker ⓘ rabbi ⓘ
alternativeName	Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ surface form: Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ surface form: Bahya ibn Paquda of Zaragoza Bahye ibn Paquda ⓘ
century	11th century ⓘ
coreConcept	duties of the heart ⓘ love of God ⓘ repentance ⓘ self-examination ⓘ sincerity in worship ⓘ trust in God ⓘ unity of God ⓘ
countryOfCitizenship	Taifa of Zaragoza ⓘ
ethnicGroup	Jewish ⓘ
fieldOfWork	Jewish ethics ⓘ Jewish philosophy ⓘ Musar literature ⓘ
genreOfWriting	ethical treatise ⓘ religious philosophy ⓘ
influenced	Jewish ethical literature ⓘ Maimonides ⓘ surface form: Moses Maimonides later Musar writers ⓘ
influencedBy	Islamic philosophy ⓘ Saadia Gaon ⓘ Sufi ethical literature ⓘ
knownFor	classification of duties of the heart and duties of the limbs ⓘ emphasis on inward religious duties ⓘ systematizing Jewish ethical and spiritual obligations ⓘ
languageOfWriting	Judeo-Arabic ⓘ
laterLanguageOfDissemination	Hebrew ⓘ
legacy	foundational figure in Jewish ethical literature ⓘ major source for later Musar and pietistic movements ⓘ
mainWork	Duties of the Hearts ⓘ surface form: Duties of the Heart
movement	Mussar ⓘ surface form: Musar tradition
name	Bahya ibn Paquda self-link ⓘ
notableWork	Duties of the Hearts ⓘ surface form: Duties of the Heart
occupation	dayyan ⓘ judge in a Jewish court ⓘ
originalLanguageOfWork	Judeo-Arabic ⓘ
originalTitleOfWork	Kitab al-Hidaya ila Faraid al-Qulub ⓘ
philosophicalTradition	medieval Jewish philosophy ⓘ
placeOfActivity	Al-Andalus ⓘ Zaragoza ⓘ
region	Spain ⓘ
religion	Judaism ⓘ
viewOnReligion	stressed inner devotion over mere external observance ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Emunot ve-Deot → influenced → Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ

reasons for the commandments (ta'amei ha-mitzvot) → discussedBy → Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ

Jewish philosophy → hasNotableFigure → Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ

Chovot HaLevavot → author → Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bahya ibn Paquda of Zaragoza

Bahya ibn Paquda → name → Bahya ibn Paquda self-link ⓘ

Bahya ibn Paquda → alternativeName → Bahya ibn Paquda ⓘ

this entity surface form: Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda