Town of Greece v. Galloway
E37572
Town of Greece v. Galloway is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of opening town meetings with predominantly Christian prayers under the Establishment Clause.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Town of Greece v. Galloway canonical | 7 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T252985 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Town of Greece v. Galloway Context triple: [Establishment Clause, keyCase, Town of Greece v. Galloway]
-
A.
Lynch v. Donnelly
Lynch v. Donnelly is a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the inclusion of a nativity scene in a city’s Christmas display and helped shape modern Establishment Clause analysis of government endorsement of religion.
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B.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
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C.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
D.
Cantwell v. Connecticut
Cantwell v. Connecticut is a 1940 U.S. Supreme Court case that first applied the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause to the states, striking down a state law that improperly restricted religious proselytizing.
-
E.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Town of Greece v. Galloway Target entity description: Town of Greece v. Galloway is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of opening town meetings with predominantly Christian prayers under the Establishment Clause.
-
A.
Lynch v. Donnelly
Lynch v. Donnelly is a 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the inclusion of a nativity scene in a city’s Christmas display and helped shape modern Establishment Clause analysis of government endorsement of religion.
-
B.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
C.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
D.
Cantwell v. Connecticut
Cantwell v. Connecticut is a 1940 U.S. Supreme Court case that first applied the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause to the states, striking down a state law that improperly restricted religious proselytizing.
-
E.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
2014 court decision
ⓘ
Establishment Clause case ⓘ First Amendment case ⓘ United States Supreme Court case ⓘ |
| allowedPractice | Sectarian references in legislative prayers ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
Constitutional law
ⓘ
Law and religion in the United States ⓘ |
| citation |
134 S. Ct. 1811
ⓘ
188 L. Ed. 2d 835 ⓘ 572 U.S. 565 ⓘ |
| concernedPractice |
Opening town board meetings with prayer
ⓘ
Predominantly Christian invocations at town meetings ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy |
Clarence Thomas
ⓘ
Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Establishment Clause
ⓘ
First Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2014-05-05 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 12-696 ⓘ |
| holding |
A legislative prayer practice is constitutional if it fits within the tradition upheld in Marsh v. Chambers
ⓘ
Opening town board meetings with sectarian prayer does not violate the Establishment Clause ⓘ |
| impact |
Clarified constitutionality of legislative prayer at local government meetings
ⓘ
Expanded protection for sectarian legislative prayer practices ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Clarence Thomas ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| legalIssue |
Establishment Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
legislative prayer ⓘ |
| limitation |
Government may not coerce participation in prayer
ⓘ
Prayer practice may not be exploited to proselytize or disparage other faiths ⓘ |
| locationOfDispute | Greece, New York ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| petitioner | Town of Greece, New York ⓘ |
| plurality | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| pluralityJoinedBy |
John G. Roberts Jr.
ⓘ
Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| precedentCited | Marsh v. Chambers ⓘ |
| rejectedClaim | That predominantly Christian prayers at town meetings necessarily violate the Establishment Clause ⓘ |
| rejectedTest | Endorsement test as controlling for legislative prayer ⓘ |
| respondent |
Linda Stephens
ⓘ
Susan Galloway ⓘ |
| standardApplied | Historical practice and understanding test for legislative prayer ⓘ |
| term | October Term 2013 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Town of Greece v. Galloway Description of subject: Town of Greece v. Galloway is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of opening town meetings with predominantly Christian prayers under the Establishment Clause.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.