Independent Subway System (IND)

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New York City Subway division municipal subway system rapid transit system

The Independent Subway System (IND) was New York City's municipally built and operated subway network, created in the early 20th century to compete with and eventually replace the privately run IRT and BMT lines.

Aliases (5)

Independent Subway System ×57
Independent City-Owned Subway System ×2
Independent Subway ×2
IND/BMT trunk line ×1
Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad ×1

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	New York City Subway division → municipal subway system → rapid transit system →
alsoKnownAs	IND → Independent City-Owned Subway System → Independent Subway →
beganOperation	1932 →
competedWith	Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation → Interborough Rapid Transit Company →
country	United States →
dateOfMerger	1940 →
designCharacteristic	IND-style tile and color-coded station design → express and local tracks on many trunk lines → wide station platforms →
electrification	third rail 600 V DC →
fareControl	flat fare system →
governingBody	Board of Transportation of the City of New York →
hasDivisionCode	IND →
historicalRole	third major component of the New York City Subway after IRT and BMT →
inception	1925 →
legacy	many current lettered subway services use former IND lines →
locatedIn	New York City → New York State →
mergedInto	unified New York City Subway system →
networkType	heavy rail → underground railway →
notableLine	IND Concourse Line → IND Crosstown Line → IND Eighth Avenue Line → IND Queens Boulevard Line → IND Sixth Avenue Line →
openedFirstLine	1932 →
openedFirstSection	1932-09-10 → Eighth Avenue Line →
operator	City of New York →
owner	City of New York →
partOf	New York City Subway →
purpose	to compete with private IRT and BMT subways → to replace private subway franchises with municipal operation →
regulatoryChange	enabled by 1920s New York City transit policy favoring municipal ownership →
serviceArea	Brooklyn → Manhattan → Queens → The Bronx →
servicePattern	lettered route designations →
status	integrated into unified subway system →
successor	New York City Transit Authority →
trackGauge	standard gauge →

Referenced by (18)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
IND ("Independent City-Owned Rapid Transit Railroad") → IND ("Independent Subway") → IND Subway ("Independent City-Owned Subway System") → Independent Subway System ("Independent City-Owned Subway System") → Independent Subway System ("Independent Subway") →	alsoKnownAs
Eighth Avenue Line (IND) ("Independent Subway System") → IND Concourse Line ("Independent Subway System") → IND Crosstown Line ("Independent Subway System") → IND Fulton Street Line (subway portion) ("Independent Subway System") →	partOf
Eighth Avenue Line ("Independent Subway System") →	builtBy
IND Queens Boulevard Line →	constructionProgram
IND ("Independent Subway System") →	fullName
E (New York City Subway service) →	historicalDivision
IND Subway ("Independent Subway System") →	historicalName
IND Division →	historicalOperator
IND Culver Line (subway portion) ("Independent Subway System") →	openedAsPartOf
Canal Street (Eighth Avenue Line) ("Independent Subway System") →	openedBy
J train ("IND/BMT trunk line") →	systemStyle