El Niño–Southern Oscillation

E3546

El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a recurring climate pattern involving temperature and pressure changes in the tropical Pacific that strongly influences global weather and climate variability.

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Observed surface forms (5)

Surface form Occurrences
Bjerknes feedback mechanism 1
ENSO 1
ENSO Diagnostic Discussion 1

Statements (52)

Predicate Object
instanceOf atmospheric–oceanic oscillation
climate phenomenon
recurring climate pattern
affects global climate variability
global weather patterns
coldPhaseCharacterizedBy cooler than average central and eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures
hasAbbreviation El Niño–Southern Oscillation self-linksurface differs
surface form: ENSO
hasColdPhase La Niña
hasComponent El Niño–Southern Oscillation self-linksurface differs
surface form: El Niño

La Niña
neutral ENSO phase
hasSpatialExtent equatorial Pacific basin
hasTeleconnectionsWith Africa climate
Asia climate
Australia climate
North America climate
South America climate
hasTypicalPeriod 2 to 7 years
hasWarmPhase El Niño
influences Atlantic hurricane activity
Pacific hurricane activity
agricultural yields
drought occurrence
fisheries productivity
flood occurrence
global temperature anomalies
marine ecosystems
monsoon variability
public health outcomes
tropical rainfall patterns
wildfire risk
involves atmospheric pressure anomalies
ocean–atmosphere interactions
sea surface temperature anomalies
isAssociatedWith Southern Oscillation
isCharacterizedBy irregular periodicity
isImportantFor long-range weather forecasting
seasonal climate prediction
isLinkedTo Walker circulation changes
ocean upwelling changes
thermocline depth variations
trade wind strength changes
isMeasuredBy Niño 3.4 index
Southern Oscillation Index
sea surface temperature anomalies in Niño regions
isModeledIn global climate models
isMonitoredBy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
surface form: NOAA

World Meteorological Organization
national meteorological agencies
occursIn tropical Pacific Ocean
warmPhaseCharacterizedBy warmer than average central and eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures
wasNamedBy Jacob Bjerknes

Referenced by (32)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

California Current affectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Northern Pacific Ocean affectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Southeastern Pacific Ocean affectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
eastern North Pacific Ocean affectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
southwest Pacific Ocean affectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Galápagos Islands climateAffectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Pacific Ocean containsMajorClimatePhenomenon El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Pacific Ocean containsMajorClimatePhenomenon El Niño–Southern Oscillation
this entity surface form: La Niña
Climate Prediction Center field El Niño–Southern Oscillation
El Niño–Southern Oscillation hasAbbreviation El Niño–Southern Oscillation self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: ENSO
El Niño–Southern Oscillation hasComponent El Niño–Southern Oscillation self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: El Niño
Atlantic hurricanes influencedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Gulf of Guayaquil influencedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Southern Annular Mode variability influencedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Southwest monsoon influencedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
South Pacific Ocean influences El Niño–Southern Oscillation
eastern Pacific Ocean influences El Niño–Southern Oscillation
western Pacific Ocean influences El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Jacob Bjerknes knownFor El Niño–Southern Oscillation
this entity surface form: Bjerknes feedback mechanism
Alaska Current linkedTo El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Humboldt Current linkedTo El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Leeuwin Current modulatedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Northeast monsoon modulatedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
El Niño partOf El Niño–Southern Oscillation
La Niña partOf El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Southern Oscillation partOf El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Climate Prediction Center product El Niño–Southern Oscillation
this entity surface form: ENSO Diagnostic Discussion
Global Tropics Hazards Outlook relatedTo El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Pacific Decadal Oscillation relatedTo El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Southern Oscillation Index relatedTo El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory researchArea El Niño–Southern Oscillation
EAC strengthAffectedBy El Niño–Southern Oscillation
subject surface form: East Australian Current