Archaeological Resources Protection Act
E29656
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that safeguards archaeological sites and artifacts on public and Indian lands by regulating excavation and prohibiting unauthorized removal or damage.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 | 6 |
| Archaeological Resources Protection Act canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T224029 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Archaeological Resources Protection Act Context triple: [National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, relatedTo, Archaeological Resources Protection Act]
-
A.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established the framework for preserving historic buildings, districts, and archaeological sites nationwide, including the creation of the National Register of Historic Places and related preservation programs.
-
B.
Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
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C.
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 are U.S. federal legislative changes that refined and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including the roles of federal, state, and local entities in protecting cultural and historic resources.
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D.
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 are U.S. federal legislative updates that strengthened and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including greater roles for Native American tribes and enhanced protection for cultural resources.
-
E.
National Park Service Organic Act
The National Park Service Organic Act is the 1916 U.S. federal law that created the National Park Service and established its mission to conserve park resources while providing for their public enjoyment.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Archaeological Resources Protection Act Target entity description: The Archaeological Resources Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that safeguards archaeological sites and artifacts on public and Indian lands by regulating excavation and prohibiting unauthorized removal or damage.
-
A.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established the framework for preserving historic buildings, districts, and archaeological sites nationwide, including the creation of the National Register of Historic Places and related preservation programs.
-
B.
Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
-
C.
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 are U.S. federal legislative changes that refined and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including the roles of federal, state, and local entities in protecting cultural and historic resources.
-
D.
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 are U.S. federal legislative updates that strengthened and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including greater roles for Native American tribes and enhanced protection for cultural resources.
-
E.
National Park Service Organic Act
The National Park Service Organic Act is the 1916 U.S. federal law that created the National Park Service and established its mission to conserve park resources while providing for their public enjoyment.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
cultural heritage protection law ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
U.S. Bureau of Land Management
ⓘ
surface form:
Bureau of Land Management
National Park Service ⓘ United States Department of the Interior ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Forest Service ⓘ other federal land-managing agencies ⓘ |
| amendedBy | 1988 amendments to the Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
Indian lands in the United States
ⓘ
public lands of the United States ⓘ |
| authorizes |
confiscation and forfeiture of equipment used in violations
ⓘ
confiscation and forfeiture of illegally obtained archaeological resources ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 16 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| dateSigned | 1979-10-31 ⓘ |
| defines | archaeological resource as material remains of past human life or activities of archaeological interest at least 100 years old ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | 1979-10-31 ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| encourages | cooperation with private individuals, Indian tribes, and institutions for archaeological resource protection ⓘ |
| focusesOn | protection of subsurface archaeological materials rather than above-ground historic structures ⓘ |
| fullName |
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
|
| legislativeIntent | to strengthen penalties and clarify protections beyond those provided by the Antiquities Act of 1906 ⓘ |
| penaltiesInclude |
civil penalties for violations
ⓘ
criminal penalties for knowing violations ⓘ fines based on archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair ⓘ imprisonment for serious violations ⓘ |
| prohibits |
damage to archaeological resources on Indian lands
ⓘ
damage to archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ sale, purchase, exchange, transport, or receipt of archaeological resources obtained in violation of the Act ⓘ unauthorized excavation of archaeological resources ⓘ unauthorized removal of archaeological resources ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | Public Law 96-95 ⓘ |
| purpose |
to protect archaeological resources on public lands and Indian lands
ⓘ
to secure, for the present and future benefit of the American people, the protection of archaeological resources and sites ⓘ |
| regulates |
excavation of archaeological resources on Indian lands
ⓘ
excavation of archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Antiquities Act of 1906
ⓘ
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ⓘ
surface form:
National Historic Preservation Act
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ⓘ |
| replaced |
Antiquities Act of 1906
ⓘ
surface form:
Antiquities Act of 1906 (in part, for archaeological resource protection and penalties)
|
| requires |
confidentiality of specific archaeological site location information
ⓘ
permits for excavation and removal of archaeological resources on Indian lands ⓘ permits for excavation and removal of archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ |
| scope | applies to archaeological resources more than 100 years old ⓘ |
| shortName | ARPA ⓘ |
| signedBy | Jimmy Carter ⓘ |
| statutesAtLargeCitation | 93 Stat. 721 ⓘ |
| uscSections | 16 U.S.C. §§ 470aa–470mm ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Archaeological Resources Protection Act Description of subject: The Archaeological Resources Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that safeguards archaeological sites and artifacts on public and Indian lands by regulating excavation and prohibiting unauthorized removal or damage.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980
→
relatedTo
→
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
ⓘ
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
→
fullName
→
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
→
relatedTo
→
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979
this entity surface form:
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979