Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
E234497
The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Kobayashi–Maskawa theory canonical | 2 |
| Kobayashi–Maskawa mechanism | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2104953 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa theory Context triple: [Toshihide Maskawa, knownFor, Kobayashi–Maskawa theory]
-
A.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
D.
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is a theoretical framework in quantum field theory that illustrates spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and mass generation for fermions, analogous to mechanisms in superconductivity.
-
E.
Higgs mechanism
The Higgs mechanism is a process in particle physics that explains how fundamental particles acquire mass through their interaction with the Higgs field.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa theory Target entity description: The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
-
A.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
D.
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model is a theoretical framework in quantum field theory that illustrates spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and mass generation for fermions, analogous to mechanisms in superconductivity.
-
E.
Higgs mechanism
The Higgs mechanism is a process in particle physics that explains how fundamental particles acquire mass through their interaction with the Higgs field.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
component of the Standard Model of particle physics
ⓘ
physical theory ⓘ theory in particle physics ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
charged-current weak processes
ⓘ
weak interaction ⓘ |
| author |
Makoto Kobayashi
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Toshihide Maskawa ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Salam–Weinberg model
ⓘ
surface form:
electroweak theory
unitary quark mixing matrix ⓘ |
| explains |
CP violation in the Standard Model
ⓘ
origin of CP violation in weak interactions ⓘ quark flavor-changing weak decays ⓘ |
| field |
high-energy physics
ⓘ
particle physics ⓘ theoretical physics ⓘ |
| generalizes | Cabibbo mixing to three generations ⓘ |
| hasConsequence |
existence of bottom quark
ⓘ
existence of top quark ⓘ necessity of a third quark generation ⓘ |
| hasEvidenceFrom |
B factory experiments
ⓘ
BaBar detector ⓘ
surface form:
BaBar experiment
Belle detector at KEK B-factory ⓘ
surface form:
Belle experiment
K meson CP violation experiments ⓘ LHCb ⓘ
surface form:
LHCb experiment
|
| implies | existence of three generations of quarks ⓘ |
| includesParameter |
one CP-violating phase
ⓘ
three mixing angles ⓘ |
| introduced | 1973 ⓘ |
| involvesParticle |
bottom quark
ⓘ
charm quark ⓘ down quark ⓘ strange quark ⓘ top quark ⓘ up quark ⓘ |
| mainSubject |
CP violation
ⓘ
flavor physics ⓘ quark mixing ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | 3×3 unitary matrix ⓘ |
| partOf |
Standard Model
ⓘ
surface form:
Standard Model of particle physics
|
| predicts |
CP-violating processes in B meson decays
ⓘ
CP-violating processes in K meson decays ⓘ complex phase in the quark mixing matrix ⓘ |
| publishedIn | 1973 paper by Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa ⓘ |
| recognizedBy |
Nobel Prize in Physics
ⓘ
surface form:
Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
|
| relatedConcept |
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
ⓘ
surface form:
Jarlskog invariant
unitarity triangle ⓘ |
| relatedTo | Cabibbo theory ⓘ |
| requires | at least three quark families ⓘ |
| usesConcept |
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
ⓘ
surface form:
CKM matrix
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Kobayashi–Maskawa theory Description of subject: The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Kobayashi–Maskawa mechanism