Saturnalia

E224002

ancient Roman festival religious festival

Saturnalia was an ancient Roman winter festival honoring the god Saturn, marked by feasting, gift-giving, role reversals, and widespread revelry.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Saturnalia canonical	6
"Saturnalia" by Macrobius	1
Saturnalia (historical)	1

Statements (75)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient Roman festival ⓘ religious festival ⓘ
associatedWith	agricultural cycle ⓘ end of autumn planting ⓘ sowing of crops ⓘ winter solstice ⓘ
culture	Roman Antiquity ⓘ surface form: ancient Rome
deityTypeHonored	agricultural god ⓘ god of sowing ⓘ
documentedBy	Catullus ⓘ Livy ⓘ Macrobius ⓘ Seneca the Younger ⓘ
documentedInWork	Saturnalia self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: "Saturnalia" by Macrobius
endDate	23 December ⓘ
feature	election of a mock king of misrule ⓘ shouting of festival cry "Io Saturnalia" ⓘ wearing of colorful clothing ⓘ wearing of the synthesis garment ⓘ
festivalType	agricultural festival ⓘ public holiday ⓘ state festival ⓘ
giftType	clothing ⓘ gag gifts ⓘ money ⓘ small terracotta or wax figurines ⓘ toys ⓘ wax candles ⓘ
hasFigure	Saturnalia king ⓘ Saturnalicius princeps ⓘ mock king ⓘ
historicalPeriod	Roman Empire ⓘ Roman Republic ⓘ
honorsDeity	Saturn ⓘ
influenced	New Year celebrations ⓘ later winter festivals ⓘ some customs of Christmas ⓘ
language	Latin ⓘ
laterDuration	several days ⓘ up to 7 days ⓘ
location	Roman Empire ⓘ Rome ⓘ surface form: city of Rome
mainActivities	drinking ⓘ feasting ⓘ gambling ⓘ gift-giving ⓘ lighting candles ⓘ public banquet ⓘ public revelry ⓘ role reversals ⓘ sacrifices to Saturn ⓘ visiting friends ⓘ wearing festive clothing ⓘ
namedAfter	Saturn ⓘ
originalDuration	1 day ⓘ
relatedTo	Julian calendar ⓘ Roman calendar reforms ⓘ
religion	ancient Roman religion ⓘ
ritual	public banquet at the Forum ⓘ sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn ⓘ unbinding of Saturn’s woolen bonds ⓘ
season	winter solstice period ⓘ
socialCustom	masters serving slaves ⓘ public gambling permitted ⓘ relaxation of social norms ⓘ slaves allowed to speak freely ⓘ suspension of business and courts ⓘ temporary social equality ⓘ wearing of pileus by free citizens ⓘ
startDate	17 December ⓘ
status	no longer officially observed ⓘ
symbol	pileus ⓘ sigillaria (small figurines) ⓘ wax candles ⓘ
timeOfYear	winter ⓘ

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Temple of Saturn → associatedFestival → Saturnalia ⓘ

Roman religion → hasFestival → Saturnalia ⓘ

December → containsEvent → Saturnalia ⓘ

this entity surface form: Saturnalia (historical)

Saturnalia → documentedInWork → Saturnalia self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: "Saturnalia" by Macrobius

Consualia → relatedFestival → Saturnalia ⓘ

Saturn → honoredIn → Saturnalia ⓘ

Heaven Upside Down → hasPart → Saturnalia ⓘ

Ovid’s Fasti (in some passages related to early Rome) → associatedWithFestival → Saturnalia ⓘ

subject surface form: Ovid’s Fasti