Julian calendar

E15636

calendar system solar calendar

The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.

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All labels observed (21)

Label	Occurrences
Julian calendar canonical	72
Julian calendar (Old Calendar)	4
Julian calendar (liturgical)	3
Julian calendar (Old Style)	2
Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)	2
Julian calendar (Eastern churches)	1
Julian calendar (Old Calendar) for liturgical purposes	1
Julian calendar (Old Calendar) in some churches	1
Julian calendar (for Pascha calculation)	1
Julian calendar (for liturgical feasts)	1
Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many cases)	1
Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many communities)	1
Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many parishes)	1
Julian calendar (for some feasts)	1
Julian calendar (historically)	1
Julian calendar (in liturgical practice, at least in part)	1
Julian calendar (in some churches)	1
Julian calendar (in some jurisdictions)	1
Julian calendar (religious use)	1
Julian calendar (via Gaius Julius Caesar)	1
Julian calendar reform	1

Statements (54)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	calendar system ⓘ solar calendar ⓘ
averageYearLengthDays	365.25 ⓘ
basisOf	Revised Julian calendar ⓘ
calendarType	solar ⓘ
definesFeastDate	Coptic Christmas ⓘ surface form: Orthodox Christmas (for churches on Julian calendar) Feast of the Theophany ⓘ surface form: Orthodox Epiphany (for churches on Julian calendar) Orthodox fixed feasts ⓘ
designedToApproximate	tropical year ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn18thCentury	11 ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn19thCentury	12 ⓘ
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn20th21stCenturies	13 ⓘ
driftPerCenturyRelativeToTropicalYearDays	0.78 ⓘ
driftPerYearRelativeToTropicalYearDays	0.0078 ⓘ
epochDefinition	1 January 45 BCE (proleptic) as first day of reformed calendar ⓘ
februaryLengthCommonYearDays	28 ⓘ
februaryLengthLeapYearDays	29 ⓘ
follows	Roman calendar ⓘ
influenced	Gregorian calendar (Western churches) ⓘ surface form: Gregorian calendar reform
introducedBy	Julius Caesar ⓘ
introducedInRegion	Roman Republic ⓘ
introducedInYear	45 BCE ⓘ
leapDayPlacement	February ⓘ
leapYearCycleYears	4 ⓘ
monthCount	12 ⓘ
monthLengthPattern	alternating 31-30 days with exceptions for February ⓘ
namedAfter	Julius Caesar ⓘ
replaced	Roman calendar ⓘ surface form: Roman Republican calendar
replacedBy	Gregorian calendar (Western churches) ⓘ surface form: Gregorian calendar
standardizedWeekLengthDays	7 ⓘ
stillUsedFor	liturgical purposes ⓘ
usedByReligiousGroup	Eastern Catholic Churches ⓘ surface form: Eastern Catholic churches (some) Eastern Orthodox Christianity ⓘ surface form: Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodoxy ⓘ surface form: Oriental Orthodox churches (some)
usedHistoricallyIn	Byzantine Empire ⓘ Europe ⓘ Roman Empire ⓘ Russia ⓘ Scandinavia ⓘ Spanish Empire ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ
usesLeapYearRule	one leap day every four years ⓘ
usesMonths	April ⓘ August ⓘ December ⓘ February ⓘ January ⓘ July ⓘ June ⓘ March ⓘ May ⓘ November ⓘ October ⓘ September ⓘ

Referenced by (99)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Good Friday → calendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Gregorian calendar (Western churches) → replaced → Julian calendar ⓘ

Gregorian calendar (Western churches) → moreAccurateThan → Julian calendar ⓘ

Gregorian calendar (Western churches) → contrastedWith → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Eastern churches)

Byzantine Rite → calendarSystem → Julian calendar ⓘ

Saint Nicholas Day → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

April → usedIn → Julian calendar ⓘ

Great Feast in Eastern Christianity → calendarSystem → Julian calendar ⓘ

Western Roman Empire → usedCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Serbian Orthodox Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (for liturgical feasts)

Russian Orthodox Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)

Antiochian Orthodox Church → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (in some jurisdictions)

Orthodox Church of Jerusalem → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Orthodox Church of Alexandria → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (liturgical)

Orthodox Church of Cyprus → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (for Pascha calculation)

Easter Monday → calendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Orthodox Church in America → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Revised Julian calendar → easterCalculationBasedOn → Julian calendar ⓘ

Revised Julian calendar → moreAccurateThan → Julian calendar ⓘ

papal bull Inter gravissimas → replacedSystem → Julian calendar ⓘ

subject surface form: Inter gravissimas

Feast of the Transfiguration of Our Lord → observedIn → Julian calendar ⓘ

November → usedInCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Julius Caesar → knownFor → Julian calendar ⓘ

Julius Caesar → introduced → Julian calendar ⓘ

St. Anne Skete → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Calendar)

Ethiopian calendar → influencedBy → Julian calendar ⓘ

Esphigmenou Monastery → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Vatopedi Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Calendar) for liturgical purposes

Karakallou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Calendar)

Coptic calendar → alignedHistoricallyWith → Julian calendar ⓘ

St. Panteleimon Monastery → observes → Julian calendar ⓘ

Coptic Christmas → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Xeropotamou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Calendar)

Gagauz → primaryChristianCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (religious use)

Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Great Lavra → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

December → partOf → Julian calendar ⓘ

Belarusian Greek Catholic Church → followsLiturgicalCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Early Middle Ages → usedCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Zograf Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church → followsLiturgicalCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Konstamonitou Monastery → followsCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Calendar)

Eastern Christianity → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay → usedCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (Old Style)

September → partOf → Julian calendar ⓘ

Julius → linkedTo → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (via Gaius Julius Caesar)

Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)

Eritrean Catholic Church → usesCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many communities)

Common Era → usedInCalendar → Julian calendar ⓘ

Common Era → relatedConcept → Julian calendar ⓘ

this entity surface form: Julian calendar reform