Julian calendar

E15636

calendar system solar calendar

The Julian calendar is an ancient solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE, historically used throughout Europe and still employed by some Eastern Christian churches for liturgical purposes.

Aliases (14)

Statements (54)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	calendar system → solar calendar →
averageYearLengthDays	365.25 →
basisOf	Revised Julian calendar →
calendarType	solar →
definesFeastDate	Orthodox Christmas (for churches on Julian calendar) → Orthodox Epiphany (for churches on Julian calendar) → Orthodox fixed feasts →
designedToApproximate	tropical year →
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn18thCentury	11 →
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn19thCentury	12 →
differenceFromGregorianDaysIn20th21stCenturies	13 →
driftPerCenturyRelativeToTropicalYearDays	0.78 →
driftPerYearRelativeToTropicalYearDays	0.0078 →
epochDefinition	1 January 45 BCE (proleptic) as first day of reformed calendar →
februaryLengthCommonYearDays	28 →
februaryLengthLeapYearDays	29 →
follows	Roman calendar →
influenced	Gregorian calendar reform →
introducedBy	Julius Caesar →
introducedInRegion	Roman Republic →
introducedInYear	45 BCE →
leapDayPlacement	February →
leapYearCycleYears	4 →
monthCount	12 →
monthLengthPattern	alternating 31-30 days with exceptions for February →
namedAfter	Julius Caesar →
replaced	Roman Republican calendar →
replacedBy	Gregorian calendar →
standardizedWeekLengthDays	7 →
stillUsedFor	liturgical purposes →
usedByReligiousGroup	Eastern Catholic churches (some) → Eastern Orthodox Church → Oriental Orthodox churches (some) →
usedHistoricallyIn	Byzantine Empire → Europe → Roman Empire → Russia → Scandinavia → Spanish Empire → United Kingdom →
usesLeapYearRule	one leap day every four years →
usesMonths	April → August → December → February → January → July → June → March → May → November → October → September →

Referenced by (54)

Subject (surface form when different)	Predicate
Eastern Christianity → Eritrean Catholic Church ("Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many communities)") → Esphigmenou Monastery → Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church ("Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes in many cases)") → Orthodox Church in America → Orthodox Church of Alexandria ("Julian calendar (liturgical)") → Orthodox Church of Cyprus ("Julian calendar (for Pascha calculation)") → Orthodox Church of Jerusalem → Russian Orthodox Church ("Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)") → Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia ("Julian calendar (for liturgical purposes)") → Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church → Serbian Orthodox Church ("Julian calendar (for liturgical feasts)") →	usesCalendar
Antiochian Orthodox Church ("Julian calendar (in some jurisdictions)") → Coptic Christmas → Great Lavra → Karakallou Monastery ("Julian calendar (Old Calendar)") → Konstamonitou Monastery ("Julian calendar (Old Calendar)") → Old Believers → Saint Nicholas Day → St. Anne Skete ("Julian calendar (Old Calendar)") → Vatopedi Monastery ("Julian calendar (Old Calendar) for liturgical purposes") → Xeropotamou Monastery ("Julian calendar (Old Calendar)") → Zograf Monastery →	followsCalendar
Byzantine Rite → Great Feast in Eastern Christianity → Sunday →	calendarSystem
December → June → September →	partOf
Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay ("Julian calendar (Old Style)") → Early Middle Ages → Western Roman Empire →	usedCalendar
Easter Monday → Good Friday →	calendar
Belarusian Greek Catholic Church → Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church →	followsLiturgicalCalendar
Gregorian calendar (Western churches) → Revised Julian calendar →	moreAccurateThan
Common Era → November →	usedInCalendar
Coptic calendar →	alignedHistoricallyWith
Gregorian calendar (Western churches) ("Julian calendar (Eastern churches)") →	contrastedWith
Revised Julian calendar →	easterCalculationBasedOn
Ethiopian calendar →	influencedBy
Julius Caesar →	introduced
Julius Caesar →	knownFor
Julius ("Julian calendar (via Gaius Julius Caesar)") →	linkedTo
Feast of the Transfiguration of Our Lord →	observedIn
St. Panteleimon Monastery →	observes
Gagauz ("Julian calendar (religious use)") →	primaryChristianCalendar
Common Era ("Julian calendar reform") →	relatedConcept
Gregorian calendar (Western churches) →	replaced
Inter gravissimas →	replacedSystem
April →	usedIn