open-hearth process

E2235

metallurgical process steelmaking process

The open-hearth process was a steelmaking method that allowed precise control over composition and quality, enabling large-scale production of mild steel and eventually supplanting earlier techniques.

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Observed surface forms (3)

Surface form	Occurrences
Siemens–Martin process	2
Siemens-Martin process	1
Siemens–Martin open-hearth furnace	1

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	metallurgical process ⓘ steelmaking process ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	open-hearth process ⓘ surface form: Siemens–Martin process
combustionSystem	regenerative burner system ⓘ
countryOfDevelopment	France ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ
declinePeriod	mid to late 20th century ⓘ
developedBy	Carl Wilhelm Siemens ⓘ Pierre-Émile Martin ⓘ
disadvantage	high fuel consumption ⓘ labor-intensive operation ⓘ slow production rate ⓘ
energySource	gaseous fuel ⓘ liquid fuel ⓘ
furnaceType	reverberatory furnace ⓘ
hasFeature	capability to remove impurities such as carbon, silicon, and phosphorus ⓘ large-scale batch production ⓘ long refining times ⓘ precise control over steel composition ⓘ precise control over steel quality ⓘ use of regenerative furnaces ⓘ
historicalImportance	dominant steelmaking method in many countries during early 20th century ⓘ enabled mass production of mild steel ⓘ supported expansion of railways and construction industries ⓘ
inception	1860s ⓘ
industrialUseStart	late 19th century ⓘ
lastMajorIndustrialUse	late 20th century in some countries ⓘ
notableAdvantage	ability to use large proportions of scrap metal ⓘ better control of final steel composition than Bessemer process ⓘ production of large heats of steel ⓘ
operatingTemperature	about 1600 °C ⓘ
peakUsePeriod	early 20th century ⓘ
supplanted	Bessemer process ⓘ puddling process ⓘ
supplantedBy	basic oxygen process ⓘ electric arc furnace steelmaking ⓘ
typicalChargeMaterials	iron ore ⓘ pig iron ⓘ scrap steel ⓘ
typicalHeatSize	tens of tons of steel per heat ⓘ
usedFor	production of mild steel ⓘ recycling scrap steel ⓘ refining pig iron into steel ⓘ steel production ⓘ
usesRefractoryLining	acid lining ⓘ basic lining ⓘ

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

open-hearth process → alsoKnownAs → open-hearth process ⓘ

this entity surface form: Siemens–Martin process

Pierre-Émile Martin → developed → open-hearth process ⓘ

this entity surface form: Siemens–Martin open-hearth furnace

Pierre-Émile Martin → knownFor → open-hearth process ⓘ

this entity surface form: Siemens–Martin process

Carl Wilhelm Siemens → notableWork → open-hearth process ⓘ

this entity surface form: Siemens-Martin process

Bessemer process → replacedBy → open-hearth process ⓘ