Paris Agreement
E18632
international climate agreement
multilateral environmental agreement
treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.
All labels observed (10)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T153569 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paris Agreement Context triple: [UN Climate Action Summit 2019, relatedTo, Paris Agreement]
-
A.
UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
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B.
Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
-
C.
Doha Development Agenda
The Doha Development Agenda is a World Trade Organization negotiation round launched in 2001 that focuses on reducing global trade barriers with a particular emphasis on addressing the needs and interests of developing countries.
-
D.
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a global network of major cities collaborating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change through shared policies and initiatives.
-
E.
Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paris Agreement Target entity description: The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.
-
A.
UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
-
B.
Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
-
C.
Doha Development Agenda
The Doha Development Agenda is a World Trade Organization negotiation round launched in 2001 that focuses on reducing global trade barriers with a particular emphasis on addressing the needs and interests of developing countries.
-
D.
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a global network of major cities collaborating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change through shared policies and initiatives.
-
E.
Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (72)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
international climate agreement
ⓘ
multilateral environmental agreement ⓘ treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ |
| abbreviation | NDCs ⓘ |
| adoptedAt | Paris ⓘ |
| adoptedAtEvent |
21st Conference of the Parties
ⓘ
surface form:
COP21
|
| adoptedBy |
Conference of the Parties (COP) climate negotiations
ⓘ
surface form:
Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC
|
| adoptedOn | 2015-12-12 ⓘ |
| adoptionConferenceNumber | 21st Conference of the Parties ⓘ |
| adoptionMethod | consensus ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Paris Agreement
ⓘ
surface form:
Paris climate accord
|
| article13FocusesOn | transparency ⓘ |
| article6ProvidesFor |
cooperative approaches
ⓘ
internationally transferred mitigation outcomes ⓘ mechanism to contribute to mitigation and support sustainable development ⓘ |
| article7FocusesOn | adaptation ⓘ |
| article9FocusesOn | climate finance ⓘ |
| category |
climate change law
ⓘ
international environmental law instrument ⓘ |
| containsArticle |
Article 13
ⓘ
Article 2 ⓘ Article 4 ⓘ Article 6 ⓘ Article 7 ⓘ Article 9 ⓘ |
| encourages |
alignment of financial flows with low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development
ⓘ
peaking of global greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForceOn | 2016-11-04 ⓘ |
| entryIntoForceCondition | ratification by at least 55 Parties to the UNFCCC accounting for at least 55 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions ⓘ |
| establishes |
enhanced transparency framework
ⓘ
global stocktake ⓘ |
| focusArea |
climate change adaptation
ⓘ
climate change mitigation ⓘ climate finance ⓘ |
| fullName |
Paris Agreement
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
|
| globalStocktakeFrequency | every 5 years ⓘ |
| hasWithdrawalClause | yes ⓘ |
| hostCountryOfAdoption | France ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalNature | legally binding international treaty ⓘ |
| longTermMitigationGoal | achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century ⓘ |
| mechanismIntroduced | nationally determined contributions ⓘ |
| negotiatedUnder | United Nations ⓘ |
| negotiationProcess | UNFCCC negotiations ⓘ |
| notableReaccession | United States rejoining in 2021 ⓘ |
| notableWithdrawal | United States withdrawal notification in 2017 ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureAt | New York City ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureBy | United Nations ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureOn | 2016-04-22 ⓘ |
| parentTreaty | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ |
| primaryGoal | limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels ⓘ |
| recognizes | common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities ⓘ |
| replaces | Kyoto Protocol as central framework for global climate action after 2020 ⓘ |
| requires |
progression over time in ambition of nationally determined contributions
ⓘ
regular updating of nationally determined contributions ⓘ submission of nationally determined contributions by Parties ⓘ |
| scope | global ⓘ |
| secondaryGoal | pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels ⓘ |
| secretariat | UNFCCC Secretariat ⓘ |
| shortName | Paris Agreement self-link ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
climate resilience
ⓘ
greenhouse gas emissions reduction ⓘ low greenhouse gas emissions development ⓘ |
| temperatureBaseline | pre-industrial levels ⓘ |
| transparencyFrameworkCovers |
action
ⓘ
support ⓘ |
| withdrawalNoticePeriod | 1 year after notification following 3 years from entry into force for that Party ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Paris Agreement Description of subject: The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.
Referenced by (58)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement on climate change
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement on climate change
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
this entity surface form:
Paris climate accord
Greta Thunberg’s address to the UN Climate Change Conference (COP24)
→
relatedToAgreement
→
Paris Agreement
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
Article 4 of the Paris Agreement
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement on climate change
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement 2015
this entity surface form:
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21)
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement on climate change
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement (2015)
this entity surface form:
Paris Agreement goals