Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts

E122575

The Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts are some of the oldest surviving Buddhist texts, written in the Gandhari language on birch bark and providing crucial evidence for early Buddhist literature and the history of the northwest Indian subcontinent.

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All labels observed (5)

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Buddhist manuscript collection
ancient manuscript
archaeological artifact
associatedWith Sthavira Nikaya
surface form: Dharmaguptaka school

Greco-Buddhist art
surface form: Gandharan Buddhism

Sarvastivada school
containsTextOf Buddhist avadana stories
Dhammapada-type verses
Sutra of the Rhinoceros Horn
countryOfOrigin ancient Gandhara
currentLocation British Library
University of Washington
various museum collections
date 1st century BCE
1st century CE
discoveredIn 20th century
evidenceFor early canon formation in Buddhism
regional variation in early Buddhist literature
transmission of Buddhist texts along the Silk Road
foundIn clay pots
genre Abhidharma text
Buddhist commentary
Buddhist scripture
Buddhist sutra
Buddhist verse text
language Gandhari Prakrit
surface form: Gandhari language
material birch bark
period Indo-Greek Kingdoms
surface form: Indo-Greek period

Kushan Empire
surface form: Kushan period
preservationState fragmentary
project Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts self-linksurface differs
surface form: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project
region eastern Afghanistan
northwest Indian subcontinent
Pakistan
surface form: present-day Pakistan
relatedTo Greco-Buddhist art
surface form: Gandharan Buddhist art

Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts self-linksurface differs
surface form: Gandhari scrolls
religion Buddhism
script Kharoṣṭhī script
surface form: Kharosthi script
scriptDirection right-to-left
significance among the oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts
crucial evidence for early Buddhist literature
important for the history of Gandhara
important for the history of the northwest Indian subcontinent
key source for the study of Gandhari language
key source for the study of Kharosthi script
studiedBy Harry Falk
Richard Salomon
writingMedium ink
writingSystemFamily Brahmic scripts

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Gandhari Prakrit notableCorpus Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts
Gandhari Prakrit notableCorpus Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts
this entity surface form: Gandhari scrolls
Gandhara civilization produced Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts
this entity surface form: Gandhari Buddhist manuscripts
Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts project Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project
Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts relatedTo Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts self-linksurface differs
this entity surface form: Gandhari scrolls
Kharoṣṭhī script hasNotableCorpus Gandhari birch-bark manuscripts
this entity surface form: Gandhāran Buddhist manuscripts