Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

E11433

international treaty multilateral environmental agreement

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a global treaty that regulates and monitors international wildlife trade to ensure it does not threaten the survival of species.

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All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora canonical	47
CITES	5
CITES Appendix I	1
CITES Convention	1
CITES Parties	1
Convention CITES	1
Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction	1
Washington Convention	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T111616 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Context triple: [U.S. Endangered Species Act, relatedTo, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora]

A. IUCN
The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is a global authority on the status of the natural world, best known for its Red List of Threatened Species and its work in biodiversity conservation and environmental policy.
B. World Conservation Congress
The World Conservation Congress is a major global forum organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that brings together governments, NGOs, scientists, and other stakeholders to shape international conservation policy and action.
C. U.S. Endangered Species Act
The U.S. Endangered Species Act is a landmark federal law that provides legal protection and conservation measures for species at risk of extinction and the ecosystems on which they depend.
D. UNESCO World Heritage Convention
The UNESCO World Heritage Convention is an international treaty adopted in 1972 that establishes a framework for identifying, protecting, and preserving cultural and natural sites of outstanding universal value around the world.
E. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a comprehensive global inventory that assesses the conservation status and extinction risk of plant and animal species worldwide.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Target entity description: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a global treaty that regulates and monitors international wildlife trade to ensure it does not threaten the survival of species.

A. IUCN
The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) is a global authority on the status of the natural world, best known for its Red List of Threatened Species and its work in biodiversity conservation and environmental policy.
B. World Conservation Congress
The World Conservation Congress is a major global forum organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that brings together governments, NGOs, scientists, and other stakeholders to shape international conservation policy and action.
C. U.S. Endangered Species Act
The U.S. Endangered Species Act is a landmark federal law that provides legal protection and conservation measures for species at risk of extinction and the ecosystems on which they depend.
D. UNESCO World Heritage Convention
The UNESCO World Heritage Convention is an international treaty adopted in 1972 that establishes a framework for identifying, protecting, and preserving cultural and natural sites of outstanding universal value around the world.
E. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a comprehensive global inventory that assesses the conservation status and extinction risk of plant and animal species worldwide.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	international treaty ⓘ multilateral environmental agreement ⓘ
addresses	illegal wildlife trade ⓘ over-exploitation of species through trade ⓘ
adoptedAt	Washington, D.C. ⓘ surface form: Washington, D.C., United States
adoptedOn	1973-03-03 ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ surface form: Washington Convention
appendixIContent	species threatened with extinction whose trade is permitted only in exceptional circumstances ⓘ
appendixIIContent	species not necessarily threatened with extinction but whose trade must be controlled ⓘ
appendixIIIContent	species protected in at least one country that has asked other Parties for assistance in controlling trade ⓘ
basedOn	principle of sustainable use of wild species ⓘ
decisionMakingBody	Conference of the Parties ⓘ
depositary	Swiss federal government ⓘ surface form: Government of Switzerland
enteredIntoForceOn	1975-07-01 ⓘ
establishes	Appendix I ⓘ Appendix II ⓘ Appendix III ⓘ
field	international environmental law ⓘ wildlife conservation law ⓘ
hasBody	Animals Committee ⓘ Plants Committee ⓘ Standing Committee ⓘ
hasLanguage	Arabic ⓘ Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalStatus	legally binding on its Parties ⓘ
mechanism	listing and delisting of species in appendices ⓘ trade suspensions for non-compliance ⓘ
membershipType	open to states and regional economic integration organizations ⓘ
purpose	to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival ⓘ
regulates	export of listed species ⓘ import of listed species ⓘ introduction from the sea of listed species ⓘ re-export of listed species ⓘ
relatedTo	Convention on Biological Diversity ⓘ Convention on Migratory Species ⓘ
requires	designation of Management Authorities by each Party ⓘ designation of Scientific Authorities by each Party ⓘ
scope	international wildlife trade ⓘ wild fauna ⓘ wild flora ⓘ
secretariat	CITES Secretariat ⓘ
secretariatHeadquarters	Geneva ⓘ surface form: Geneva, Switzerland
secretariatHostedBy	United Nations Environment Programme ⓘ
shortName	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: CITES
subject	international trade in endangered species ⓘ
usesInstrument	permits and certificates ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (58)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

U.S. Endangered Species Act → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora → shortName → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora → alsoKnownAs → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: Washington Convention

Public Law 93-205 → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Life on Land → relatedToConvention → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Chelonia mydas → protectedBy → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES Appendix I

Office of Law Enforcement → legalAuthority → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Appendix I → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Appendix I → establishedBy → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES Parties

Conference of the Parties → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: Conference of the Parties (CITES)

Conference of the Parties → appliesTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: Conference of the Parties (CITES)

Conference of the Parties → legalBasis → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: Conference of the Parties (CITES)

Standing Committee → parentOrganization → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: CITES Standing Committee

Standing Committee → jurisdiction → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: CITES Standing Committee

Standing Committee → supportsImplementationOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: CITES Standing Committee

Animals Committee → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Plants Committee → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Plants Committee → basedOnTreaty → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Convention on Migratory Species → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES

CITES Secretariat → parentOrganization → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CITES Secretariat → administers → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CITES Secretariat → establishedBy → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Appendix II → legalBasis → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Appendix III → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Lacey Act → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Wild Bird Conservation Act → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

International Whaling Commission → cooperatesWith → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

World Association of Zoos and Aquariums → collaboratesWith → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Sustainable Development Goal 15 → alignedWith → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Dalbergia → regulatedBy → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES

Convention de Washington → nomOfficiel → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction

Convention de Washington → nomAbrégé → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES

Convention de Washington → nomAbrégé → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: Convention CITES

Convention de Washington → titreOriginal → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Convention de Washington → abréviationFrançaise → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES

CITES Appendix I → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

African Elephant Conservation Act → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

National Wildlife Crime Intelligence program → relatedTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

national CITES Scientific Authorities → regulatedBy → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CITES Article II → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CoP → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: Conference of the Parties

CoP → legalBasis → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

subject surface form: Conference of the Parties

Parties to CITES → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Parties to CITES → appliesTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Parties to CITES → hasLegalInstrument → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

this entity surface form: CITES Convention

Standing Committee of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Standing Committee of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora → appliesTo → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CITES Appendices → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

CITES Appendices → legalBasis → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

Review of Significant Trade mechanism → partOf → Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ⓘ

All labels observed (8)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (50)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (58)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited