Permanent Settlement of Bengal
E113524
The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was a late 18th-century land revenue system introduced by the British that fixed land taxes permanently and created a class of hereditary zamindar landlords, profoundly shaping Bengal’s agrarian and social structure.
All labels observed (7)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T961628 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Permanent Settlement of Bengal Context triple: [Bengal Presidency, significantEvent, Permanent Settlement of Bengal]
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A.
Doctrine of Lapse
The Doctrine of Lapse was a controversial annexation policy used by the British East India Company in 19th-century India, allowing it to seize princely states without a direct male heir and significantly fueling resentment that led to the 1857 rebellion.
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B.
British conquest of Bengal
The British conquest of Bengal was the mid-18th-century process by which the British East India Company gained political and economic control over Bengal, laying the foundation for British colonial rule in India.
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C.
Partition of Bengal 1905
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was a controversial division of the Bengal province by the British colonial government that sparked widespread nationalist protest and helped galvanize the Indian independence movement.
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D.
Indian Councils Act 1861
The Indian Councils Act 1861 was a British law that restructured the governance of British India by reintroducing and expanding legislative councils, allowing limited Indian participation in lawmaking.
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E.
India Act 1784
The India Act 1784 was a British law that restructured the governance of the East India Company and placed its political administration in India under closer control of the British government.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Permanent Settlement of Bengal Target entity description: The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was a late 18th-century land revenue system introduced by the British that fixed land taxes permanently and created a class of hereditary zamindar landlords, profoundly shaping Bengal’s agrarian and social structure.
-
A.
Doctrine of Lapse
The Doctrine of Lapse was a controversial annexation policy used by the British East India Company in 19th-century India, allowing it to seize princely states without a direct male heir and significantly fueling resentment that led to the 1857 rebellion.
-
B.
British conquest of Bengal
The British conquest of Bengal was the mid-18th-century process by which the British East India Company gained political and economic control over Bengal, laying the foundation for British colonial rule in India.
-
C.
Partition of Bengal 1905
The Partition of Bengal in 1905 was a controversial division of the Bengal province by the British colonial government that sparked widespread nationalist protest and helped galvanize the Indian independence movement.
-
D.
Indian Councils Act 1861
The Indian Councils Act 1861 was a British law that restructured the governance of British India by reintroducing and expanding legislative councils, allowing limited Indian participation in lawmaking.
-
E.
India Act 1784
The India Act 1784 was a British law that restructured the governance of the East India Company and placed its political administration in India under closer control of the British government.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
agrarian settlement
ⓘ
colonial policy ⓘ land revenue system ⓘ |
| aimedAt |
creating a loyal landed aristocracy
ⓘ
encouraging agricultural improvement ⓘ ensuring stable and predictable land revenue ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Permanent Settlement of Bengal
ⓘ
surface form:
Permanent Settlement
Permanent Settlement of Bengal ⓘ
surface form:
Zamindari Settlement
|
| appliedInRegion |
Bengal Presidency
ⓘ
Bihar ⓘ Orissa ⓘ |
| appliedTo |
landholding intermediaries
ⓘ
talukdars ⓘ zamindars ⓘ |
| coreFeature |
auction of estates for revenue arrears
ⓘ
conversion of zamindars into revenue-collecting landlords ⓘ hereditary and transferable zamindari rights ⓘ intermediary landlord class between state and peasants ⓘ permanent fixation of land revenue demand ⓘ recognition of zamindars as hereditary landowners ⓘ state demand fixed in perpetuity ⓘ |
| country | British India ⓘ |
| effect |
agrarian distress in Bengal
ⓘ
creation of a powerful zamindar class ⓘ frequent sale and fragmentation of estates ⓘ growth of absentee landlordism ⓘ increased rent extraction from cultivators ⓘ limited state share in rising agricultural income ⓘ long-term rigidity of revenue structure ⓘ marginalization of peasants ⓘ weakening of customary peasant rights ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
late 18th-century British colonial reforms
ⓘ
post-Battle of Plassey consolidation of Company rule ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Charles Cornwallis
ⓘ
John Shore ⓘ |
| introducedBy |
British East India Company
ⓘ
Charles Cornwallis ⓘ
surface form:
Lord Cornwallis
|
| legalStatus | binding in perpetuity unless altered by the British government ⓘ |
| legislativeAct |
Code of 1793
ⓘ
surface form:
Regulation I of 1793
|
| longTermImpact |
affecting patterns of land tenure in eastern India
ⓘ
contributing to rural indebtedness ⓘ influencing social hierarchy in Bengal ⓘ shaping Bengal’s agrarian structure ⓘ |
| precededBy | temporary revenue settlements in Bengal ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Mahalwari system
ⓘ
Ryotwari system ⓘ |
| startTime | 1793 ⓘ |
| subjectOf | debate among British officials and Indian nationalists ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
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Subject: Permanent Settlement of Bengal Description of subject: The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was a late 18th-century land revenue system introduced by the British that fixed land taxes permanently and created a class of hereditary zamindar landlords, profoundly shaping Bengal’s agrarian and social structure.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.