Targums

E105664

Aramaic biblical translation Jewish religious text biblical paraphrase

Targums are ancient Aramaic translations and paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible that were used in Jewish worship and study.

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All labels observed (12)

Label	Occurrences
Aramaic Targum	1
Palestinian Targums	1
Targum Jonathan	1
Targum Neofiti	1
Targum Onkelos	1
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan	1
Targum to the Megillot	1
Targum to the Prophets	1
Targum to the Psalms	1
Targumic Aramaic	1
Targumim	1
Targums canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T897269 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Targums
Context triple: [Aramaic, usedIn, Targums]

A. Midrash
Midrash is a classical Jewish literary and interpretive tradition that explores, explains, and expands upon the Hebrew Bible through narrative, legal, and ethical teachings.
B. Talmud
The Talmud is a central Jewish religious text comprising rabbinic discussions, legal rulings, and interpretations of the Hebrew Bible that form the foundation of traditional Jewish law and theology.
C. Septuagint
The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures that became the primary Old Testament text for early Christians and Greek-speaking Jews.
D. Tanakh
The Tanakh is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures that forms the foundational religious text of Judaism, encompassing the Torah (Law), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
E. Mikraot Gedolot
Mikraot Gedolot is a traditional Jewish Bible edition that presents the Hebrew text of the Tanakh surrounded by classic rabbinic commentaries in a single, integrated volume.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Targums
Target entity description: Targums are ancient Aramaic translations and paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible that were used in Jewish worship and study.

A. Midrash
Midrash is a classical Jewish literary and interpretive tradition that explores, explains, and expands upon the Hebrew Bible through narrative, legal, and ethical teachings.
B. Talmud
The Talmud is a central Jewish religious text comprising rabbinic discussions, legal rulings, and interpretations of the Hebrew Bible that form the foundation of traditional Jewish law and theology.
C. Septuagint
The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures that became the primary Old Testament text for early Christians and Greek-speaking Jews.
D. Tanakh
The Tanakh is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures that forms the foundational religious text of Judaism, encompassing the Torah (Law), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
E. Mikraot Gedolot
Mikraot Gedolot is a traditional Jewish Bible edition that presents the Hebrew text of the Tanakh surrounded by classic rabbinic commentaries in a single, integrated volume.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Aramaic biblical translation ⓘ Jewish religious text ⓘ biblical paraphrase ⓘ
associatedWith	rabbinic Judaism ⓘ
basedOn	Tanakh ⓘ surface form: Hebrew Bible
canonicalStatus	non-canonical but authoritative in tradition ⓘ
contains	Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Palestinian Targums Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum Jonathan Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum Neofiti Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum Onkelos Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum to the Megillot Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum to the Prophets Targums self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Targum to the Psalms
developedFrom	oral translation tradition ⓘ
developedInCentury	1st century CE ⓘ
developedInRegion	Mesopotamia ⓘ surface form: Babylonia Eretz HaKodesh ⓘ surface form: Land of Israel
function	adaptation of scripture to contemporary audience ⓘ clarification of difficult passages ⓘ explanation of biblical text ⓘ
genre	biblical exegesis ⓘ religious literature ⓘ
includesElement	interpretive expansion ⓘ midrashic material ⓘ paraphrase ⓘ
influenced	Jewish biblical interpretation ⓘ medieval Jewish commentators ⓘ
influencedBy	rabbinic exegesis ⓘ
language	Aramaic ⓘ
liturgicalFunction	synagogue reading accompaniment ⓘ
liturgicalStatus	read alongside Torah reading ⓘ
preservedIn	manuscripts ⓘ printed rabbinic Bibles ⓘ
relatedConcept	Midrash ⓘ Peshitta ⓘ Septuagint ⓘ
religiousTradition	Judaism ⓘ
script	Hebrew script ⓘ
scriptureType	biblical commentary ⓘ biblical translation ⓘ
timePeriod	Talmudic period ⓘ late Second Temple period ⓘ
use	Jewish study ⓘ Jewish worship ⓘ
usedBy	Jewish communities in Babylonia ⓘ Jewish communities in the Land of Israel ⓘ later medieval Jewish scholars ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Aramaic → usedIn → Targums ⓘ

Northwest Semitic → hasMember → Targums ⓘ

this entity surface form: Targumic Aramaic