Kocher sign
E91527
Kocher sign is a clinical indicator associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves' disease, characterized by a lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Kocher sign canonical | 2 |
| von Graefe sign | 2 |
| Dalrymple sign | 1 |
| Joffroy sign | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T767484 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kocher sign Context triple: [Emil Theodor Kocher, hasEponym, Kocher sign]
-
A.
Pegasus sign
The Pegasus sign is a historic, neon-red flying horse emblem that has become an iconic symbol of Dallas, prominently visible in the city’s downtown skyline.
-
B.
Virchow's angle
Virchow's angle is an anatomical measurement used in fetal ultrasound to assess cranial and facial development, named after the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow.
-
C.
Schievelbein
Schievelbein is a historic town in Pomerania, now known as Świdwin in northwestern Poland.
-
D.
Finkelstein
Finkelstein is a Jewish surname of German and Yiddish origin, commonly associated with families of Central and Eastern European descent.
-
E.
Clyve
Clyve is a given name, typically a modern or stylistic variant of the name Clive.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kocher sign Target entity description: Kocher sign is a clinical indicator associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves' disease, characterized by a lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.
-
A.
Pegasus sign
The Pegasus sign is a historic, neon-red flying horse emblem that has become an iconic symbol of Dallas, prominently visible in the city’s downtown skyline.
-
B.
Virchow's angle
Virchow's angle is an anatomical measurement used in fetal ultrasound to assess cranial and facial development, named after the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow.
-
C.
Schievelbein
Schievelbein is a historic town in Pomerania, now known as Świdwin in northwestern Poland.
-
D.
Finkelstein
Finkelstein is a Jewish surname of German and Yiddish origin, commonly associated with families of Central and Eastern European descent.
-
E.
Clyve
Clyve is a given name, typically a modern or stylistic variant of the name Clive.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (35)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
clinical sign
ⓘ
medical eponym ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
Graves disease
ⓘ
hyperthyroidism ⓘ thyrotoxicosis ⓘ |
| clinicalRelevance |
helps differentiate Graves disease from other causes of thyrotoxicosis
ⓘ
suggests active thyroid disease ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Switzerland ⓘ |
| describes | lag of upper eyelid on downward gaze ⓘ |
| differsFrom |
Kocher sign
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Dalrymple sign
Stellwag sign ⓘ Kocher sign self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
von Graefe sign
|
| firstDescribedBy | Emil Theodor Kocher ⓘ |
| firstDescribedIn | 19th century ⓘ |
| foundIn |
endocrinology examination
ⓘ
ophthalmic examination ⓘ |
| hasCategory |
endocrine sign
ⓘ
ophthalmologic sign ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
eyelid lag on downgaze
ⓘ
infrequent blinking ⓘ retraction of upper eyelid ⓘ staring appearance ⓘ upper eyelid fails to follow eyeball promptly on downward movement ⓘ widened palpebral fissure ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Emil Theodor Kocher
ⓘ
Emil Theodor Kocher ⓘ
surface form:
Theodor Kocher
|
| observedDuring | patient following examiner’s finger from upward to downward gaze ⓘ |
| partOf |
Graves ophthalmopathy signs
ⓘ
eye signs of hyperthyroidism ⓘ |
| pathophysiology | increased sympathetic tone to Müller muscle of upper eyelid ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
lid lag
ⓘ
lid retraction ⓘ sympathetic overactivity ⓘ |
| usedFor |
clinical diagnosis of Graves ophthalmopathy
ⓘ
supporting diagnosis of hyperthyroidism ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Kocher sign Description of subject: Kocher sign is a clinical indicator associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves' disease, characterized by a lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
von Graefe sign
this entity surface form:
Dalrymple sign
this entity surface form:
von Graefe sign
this entity surface form:
Joffroy sign