Meissner effect
E8658
The Meissner effect is the phenomenon in which a superconductor expels magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below its critical temperature, leading to perfect diamagnetism.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Meissner–Ochsenfeld experiment | 1 |
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical phenomenon
ⓘ
superconductivity phenomenon ⓘ |
| appliesTo | bulk superconducting materials ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
critical magnetic field
ⓘ
penetration depth ⓘ type I superconductors ⓘ type II superconductors ⓘ |
| behaviorInTypeI | complete flux expulsion below critical field ⓘ |
| behaviorInTypeII | partial flux penetration via vortices between Hc1 and Hc2 ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
magnetic flux expulsion
ⓘ
surface screening currents ⓘ zero magnetic field in bulk of superconductor ⓘ |
| condition |
material in superconducting state
ⓘ
temperature below critical temperature ⓘ |
| contrastsWith | flux trapping in type II superconductors ⓘ |
| describes | expulsion of magnetic field from a superconductor ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Robert Ochsenfeld
ⓘ
Walther Meissner ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1933 ⓘ |
| distinguishes | superconductors from ideal perfect conductors ⓘ |
| enables | stable magnetic levitation of magnets above superconductors ⓘ |
| explainedBy | London theory of superconductivity ⓘ |
| field |
condensed matter physics
ⓘ
superconductivity ⓘ |
| hasConsequence | superconductors expel weak magnetic fields from interior ⓘ |
| implies |
magnetic susceptibility of −1 in SI units for ideal bulk superconductor
ⓘ
superconductors are not just perfect conductors ⓘ |
| limitedBy | critical magnetic field strength ⓘ |
| mathematicalDescription | exponential decay of magnetic field over penetration depth ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Walther Meissner ⓘ |
| notObservedIn | normal metals ⓘ |
| observedIn |
high-temperature superconductors
ⓘ
low-temperature superconductors ⓘ |
| occursIn | superconductors ⓘ |
| occursWhen | external magnetic field is applied before or during transition to superconducting state ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Abrikosov vortices
ⓘ
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity ⓘ
surface form:
Ginzburg–Landau theory
London penetration depth ⓘ diamagnetism ⓘ perfect conductivity ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
BCS theory of superconductivity
ⓘ
surface form:
BCS theory
London equations ⓘ flux pinning ⓘ magnetic levitation ⓘ |
| requires | cooling below critical temperature ⓘ |
| result | perfect diamagnetism ⓘ |
| usedIn |
demonstrations of quantum levitation
ⓘ
magnetic shielding applications ⓘ |
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Meissner–Ochsenfeld experiment