type-I superconductors
E66049
Type-I superconductors are materials that exhibit a complete loss of electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields (the Meissner effect) below a critical temperature, transitioning sharply between normal and superconducting states.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| type-I superconductors canonical | 1 |
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
condensed matter physics concept
ⓘ
superconductor type ⓘ |
| areCharacterizedBy |
complete flux expulsion below Hc
ⓘ
thermodynamic critical field Hc(T) ⓘ |
| areContrastedWith | type-II superconductors ⓘ |
| areDefinedBy | Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa = lambda/xi less than 1/sqrt(2) ⓘ |
| areDescribedBy |
Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa < 0.707
ⓘ
Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa < 1/2 ⓘ |
| areDistinguishedBy | absence of two distinct critical fields Hc1 and Hc2 in bulk ⓘ |
| areLimitedBy | low critical current densities in practical fields ⓘ |
| areLimitedInUseFor | high-field magnet applications ⓘ |
| areModeledBy | BCS theory for conventional superconductors ⓘ |
| areOften | chemically simple compared to many type-II superconductors ⓘ |
| areSensitiveTo | sample geometry and demagnetization effects near Hc ⓘ |
| areStudiedIn | low-temperature physics ⓘ |
| areTypically | soft metals at low temperature ⓘ |
| areUsedAs | reference systems for testing superconductivity theories ⓘ |
| areUsedIn | fundamental studies of superconductivity ⓘ |
| doNotExhibit | mixed state of normal and superconducting regions in bulk form ⓘ |
| doNotSupport | stable Abrikosov vortex lattice in bulk ⓘ |
| exhibit |
Meissner effect
ⓘ
complete loss of electrical resistance below a critical temperature ⓘ second-order or weakly first-order phase transition at Tc depending on material and conditions ⓘ |
| expel | magnetic field from their interior in the superconducting state ⓘ |
| haveParameter |
coherence length xi
ⓘ
penetration depth lambda ⓘ |
| haveProperty |
macroscopic quantum coherence below Tc
ⓘ
perfect diamagnetism in the superconducting state ⓘ relatively low critical magnetic fields ⓘ relatively low critical temperatures compared to many type-II superconductors ⓘ single critical magnetic field Hc ⓘ surface energy between normal and superconducting phases is positive ⓘ zero electrical resistivity in the superconducting state ⓘ |
| includeExample |
aluminum (Al)
ⓘ
indium (In) ⓘ lanthanum (La) ⓘ lead (Pb) ⓘ Mercury ⓘ
surface form:
mercury (Hg)
tantalum (Ta) ⓘ thallium (Tl) ⓘ tin (Sn) ⓘ zinc (Zn) ⓘ |
| mayExhibit | intermediate state with normal and superconducting domains in non-ideal geometries ⓘ |
| obey | London equations in the superconducting state ⓘ |
| show | complete destruction of superconductivity when applied field exceeds Hc ⓘ |
| typicallyAre | pure elemental metals ⓘ |
| undergo | sharp transition between normal and superconducting states ⓘ |
| wereHistorically | first discovered class of superconducting materials ⓘ |
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.