type-I superconductors
E66049
Type-I superconductors are materials that exhibit a complete loss of electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields (the Meissner effect) below a critical temperature, transitioning sharply between normal and superconducting states.
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
condensed matter physics concept
→
superconductor type → |
| areCharacterizedBy |
complete flux expulsion below Hc
→
thermodynamic critical field Hc(T) → |
| areContrastedWith |
type-II superconductors
→
|
| areDefinedBy |
Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa = lambda/xi less than 1/sqrt(2)
→
|
| areDescribedBy |
Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa < 0.707
→
Ginzburg–Landau parameter kappa < 1/2 → |
| areDistinguishedBy |
absence of two distinct critical fields Hc1 and Hc2 in bulk
→
|
| areLimitedBy |
low critical current densities in practical fields
→
|
| areLimitedInUseFor |
high-field magnet applications
→
|
| areModeledBy |
BCS theory for conventional superconductors
→
|
| areOften |
chemically simple compared to many type-II superconductors
→
|
| areSensitiveTo |
sample geometry and demagnetization effects near Hc
→
|
| areStudiedIn |
low-temperature physics
→
|
| areTypically |
soft metals at low temperature
→
|
| areUsedAs |
reference systems for testing superconductivity theories
→
|
| areUsedIn |
fundamental studies of superconductivity
→
|
| doNotExhibit |
mixed state of normal and superconducting regions in bulk form
→
|
| doNotSupport |
stable Abrikosov vortex lattice in bulk
→
|
| exhibit |
Meissner effect
→
complete loss of electrical resistance below a critical temperature → second-order or weakly first-order phase transition at Tc depending on material and conditions → |
| expel |
magnetic field from their interior in the superconducting state
→
|
| haveParameter |
coherence length xi
→
penetration depth lambda → |
| haveProperty |
macroscopic quantum coherence below Tc
→
perfect diamagnetism in the superconducting state → relatively low critical magnetic fields → relatively low critical temperatures compared to many type-II superconductors → single critical magnetic field Hc → surface energy between normal and superconducting phases is positive → zero electrical resistivity in the superconducting state → |
| includeExample |
aluminum (Al)
→
indium (In) → lanthanum (La) → lead (Pb) → mercury (Hg) → tantalum (Ta) → thallium (Tl) → tin (Sn) → zinc (Zn) → |
| mayExhibit |
intermediate state with normal and superconducting domains in non-ideal geometries
→
|
| obey |
London equations in the superconducting state
→
|
| show |
complete destruction of superconductivity when applied field exceeds Hc
→
|
| typicallyAre |
pure elemental metals
→
|
| undergo |
sharp transition between normal and superconducting states
→
|
| wereHistorically |
first discovered class of superconducting materials
→
|
Referenced by (1)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity
→
|
appliesTo |