penicillins
E850002
Penicillins are a widely used class of β-lactam antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi, primarily effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| penicillin | 1 |
Statements (66)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
antibacterial agent
ⓘ
antibiotic class ⓘ beta-lactam antibiotic ⓘ organic compound ⓘ |
| adverseEffect |
Clostridioides difficile infection
ⓘ
allergic reactions ⓘ anaphylaxis ⓘ diarrhea ⓘ interstitial nephritis ⓘ rash ⓘ seizures at high doses ⓘ |
| ATCCode | J01C NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| belongsToClass | beta-lactam antibiotics ⓘ |
| canBeCombinedWith | beta-lactamase inhibitors ⓘ |
| clinicalUseBegan | 1940s ⓘ |
| contraindication | history of severe penicillin allergy ⓘ |
| derivedFrom | Penicillium fungi NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Alexander Fleming NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1928 ⓘ |
| effectiveAgainst |
Gram-positive bacteria
ⓘ
some Gram-negative bacteria ⓘ |
| elimination | renal excretion ⓘ |
| example |
amoxicillin
ⓘ
ampicillin ⓘ azlocillin NERFINISHED ⓘ cloxacillin ⓘ mezlocillin ⓘ nafcillin NERFINISHED ⓘ oxacillin ⓘ penicillin G ⓘ penicillin V NERFINISHED ⓘ piperacillin ⓘ ticarcillin ⓘ |
| exampleCombination |
amoxicillin-clavulanate
ⓘ
ampicillin-sulbactam ⓘ piperacillin-tazobactam ⓘ ticarcillin-clavulanate ⓘ |
| hasCoreStructure |
beta-lactam ring
ⓘ
thiazolidine ring ⓘ |
| hasFunctionalGroup | acyl side chain ⓘ |
| hasSubclass |
aminopenicillins
ⓘ
antipseudomonal penicillins ⓘ extended-spectrum penicillins ⓘ natural penicillins ⓘ penicillinase-resistant penicillins ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction | inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis ⓘ |
| resistanceMechanism |
altered penicillin-binding proteins
ⓘ
beta-lactamase production ⓘ reduced permeability of bacterial cell wall ⓘ |
| routeOfAdministration |
intramuscular
ⓘ
intravenous ⓘ oral ⓘ |
| spectrum |
broad-spectrum penicillins
ⓘ
narrow-spectrum penicillins ⓘ |
| targets |
bacterial transpeptidases
ⓘ
penicillin-binding proteins ⓘ |
| usedFor |
treatment of bacterial infections
ⓘ
treatment of endocarditis ⓘ treatment of otitis media ⓘ treatment of pneumococcal infections ⓘ treatment of respiratory tract infections ⓘ treatment of skin and soft tissue infections ⓘ treatment of streptococcal infections ⓘ treatment of syphilis ⓘ |
| usedIn |
human medicine
ⓘ
veterinary medicine ⓘ |
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
penicillin