Tuskegee syphilis study
E351984
The Tuskegee syphilis study was a notorious, decades-long U.S. Public Health Service experiment in which Black men with syphilis were misled and denied effective treatment, becoming a landmark example of unethical medical research.
All labels observed (7)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3360427 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Tuskegee syphilis study Context triple: [Tuskegee, Alabama, knownFor, Tuskegee syphilis study]
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A.
Condon Report
The Condon Report is a 1968 scientific study commissioned by the U.S. Air Force that concluded further systematic investigation of UFOs was unlikely to yield significant scientific discoveries.
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B.
Nuremberg Code
The Nuremberg Code is a foundational set of ethical principles for human experimentation, emphasizing voluntary consent and the protection of research subjects, developed in response to Nazi medical atrocities after World War II.
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C.
Doctors' Trial
The Doctors' Trial was a post–World War II Nuremberg military tribunal in which Nazi physicians and medical administrators were prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity, particularly for inhumane medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners.
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D.
Willie Horton controversy
The Willie Horton controversy was a highly charged political issue in the 1988 U.S. presidential campaign, centered on a convicted murderer who committed violent crimes while on furlough, and used in attack ads to portray Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis as soft on crime.
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E.
Shadrach Minkins case
The Shadrach Minkins case was a landmark 1851 legal and political battle in Boston over the capture and rescue of an escaped enslaved man, which galvanized Northern resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act and intensified sectional tensions before the Civil War.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Tuskegee syphilis study Target entity description: The Tuskegee syphilis study was a notorious, decades-long U.S. Public Health Service experiment in which Black men with syphilis were misled and denied effective treatment, becoming a landmark example of unethical medical research.
-
A.
Condon Report
The Condon Report is a 1968 scientific study commissioned by the U.S. Air Force that concluded further systematic investigation of UFOs was unlikely to yield significant scientific discoveries.
-
B.
Nuremberg Code
The Nuremberg Code is a foundational set of ethical principles for human experimentation, emphasizing voluntary consent and the protection of research subjects, developed in response to Nazi medical atrocities after World War II.
-
C.
Doctors' Trial
The Doctors' Trial was a post–World War II Nuremberg military tribunal in which Nazi physicians and medical administrators were prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity, particularly for inhumane medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners.
-
D.
Willie Horton controversy
The Willie Horton controversy was a highly charged political issue in the 1988 U.S. presidential campaign, centered on a convicted murderer who committed violent crimes while on furlough, and used in attack ads to portray Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis as soft on crime.
-
E.
Shadrach Minkins case
The Shadrach Minkins case was a landmark 1851 legal and political battle in Boston over the capture and rescue of an escaped enslaved man, which galvanized Northern resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act and intensified sectional tensions before the Civil War.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (63)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
clinical study
ⓘ
medical experiment ⓘ public health study ⓘ research ethics case ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Tuskegee syphilis study
ⓘ
surface form:
Tuskegee Experiment
Tuskegee syphilis study ⓘ
surface form:
Tuskegee Study
|
| apologyBy |
Bill Clinton
ⓘ
surface form:
President Bill Clinton
|
| apologyDate | 1997 ⓘ |
| apologyLocation | White House ⓘ |
| apologyTo | survivors and families of participants ⓘ |
| benefitsPromisedToParticipants |
burial insurance
ⓘ
free medical exams ⓘ meals ⓘ |
| conductedBy |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predecessor
ⓘ
Public Health Service ⓘ
surface form:
United States Public Health Service
|
| consequence |
creation of National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
ⓘ
development of the Belmont Report ⓘ establishment of Institutional Review Boards in the United States ⓘ long-term mistrust of medical institutions among African Americans ⓘ strengthening of informed consent requirements ⓘ |
| continuedAfterStandardTreatmentAvailable | true ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| discoveredBy | Peter Buxtun ⓘ |
| duration | 40 years ⓘ |
| endTime | 1972 ⓘ |
| ethicalStatus |
deceptive
ⓘ
non-consensual ⓘ racist ⓘ unethical ⓘ |
| exposedIn | 1972 ⓘ |
| field |
bioethics
ⓘ
epidemiology ⓘ public health ⓘ |
| focus | natural history of untreated syphilis ⓘ |
| hasEffectOn |
African American attitudes toward medical research
ⓘ
U.S. research ethics regulations ⓘ |
| inceptionPurpose | to study progression of untreated syphilis ⓘ |
| location |
Macon County, Alabama
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Tuskegee, Alabama, United States ⓘ
surface form:
Tuskegee, Alabama
|
| mainSubject |
syphilis
ⓘ
untreated syphilis ⓘ |
| method | observational study ⓘ |
| notableFor |
deception of participants
ⓘ
exploitation of Black men ⓘ lack of informed consent ⓘ withholding effective treatment ⓘ |
| numberOfCases | approximately 399 men with syphilis ⓘ |
| numberOfControls | approximately 201 men without syphilis ⓘ |
| numberOfParticipants | approximately 600 men ⓘ |
| originalName |
Tuskegee syphilis study
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male
|
| oversightStatus | lacked proper ethical review ⓘ |
| participantGroup |
African American men
ⓘ
Black sharecroppers ⓘ |
| participantsInformedOfDiagnosis | false ⓘ |
| participantsToldTheyHad | “bad blood” ⓘ |
| reportedBy |
Associated Press
ⓘ
Jean Heller ⓘ |
| standardTreatmentAvailableBy | mid-1940s ⓘ |
| startTime | 1932 ⓘ |
| terminatedBy |
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
ⓘ
surface form:
United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
|
| terminationReason | public outcry over ethical violations ⓘ |
| treatmentBecameStandardOfCare | penicillin ⓘ |
| treatmentWithheld |
penicillins
ⓘ
surface form:
penicillin
|
How these facts were elicited
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You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Subject: Tuskegee syphilis study Description of subject: The Tuskegee syphilis study was a notorious, decades-long U.S. Public Health Service experiment in which Black men with syphilis were misled and denied effective treatment, becoming a landmark example of unethical medical research.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.