programmed cell death protein 1
E822411
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| programmed cell death protein 1 canonical | 2 |
| PD-1 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9807361 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: programmed cell death protein 1 Context triple: [programmed death-ligand 1, bindsTo, programmed cell death protein 1]
-
A.
programmed death-ligand 1
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein expressed on various cells that suppresses T-cell activity by engaging PD-1, enabling tumors to evade immune surveillance.
-
B.
CD20 protein
CD20 protein is a cell-surface antigen found primarily on B lymphocytes and is a key therapeutic target in certain autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies.
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C.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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D.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
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E.
CD3 complex
The CD3 complex is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with the T-cell receptor that is essential for T-cell activation and signal transduction in the immune system.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: programmed cell death protein 1 Target entity description: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
-
A.
programmed death-ligand 1
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint protein expressed on various cells that suppresses T-cell activity by engaging PD-1, enabling tumors to evade immune surveillance.
-
B.
CD20 protein
CD20 protein is a cell-surface antigen found primarily on B lymphocytes and is a key therapeutic target in certain autoimmune diseases and B-cell malignancies.
-
C.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
D.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
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E.
CD3 complex
The CD3 complex is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with the T-cell receptor that is essential for T-cell activation and signal transduction in the immune system.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (75)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cell surface receptor
ⓘ
immune checkpoint receptor ⓘ inhibitory receptor ⓘ protein ⓘ transmembrane protein ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
Hodgkin lymphoma
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
autoimmune diseases ⓘ hepatocellular carcinoma ⓘ melanoma ⓘ non-small cell lung cancer NERFINISHED ⓘ renal cell carcinoma ⓘ various solid tumors ⓘ |
| associatedWithProcess |
cancer immune evasion
ⓘ
immune checkpoint pathway ⓘ |
| bindsTo |
programmed death-ligand 1
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
programmed death-ligand 2 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| biologicalProcess |
induction of T cell exhaustion
ⓘ
maintenance of peripheral tolerance ⓘ negative regulation of T cell activation ⓘ negative regulation of cell proliferation ⓘ negative regulation of cytokine production ⓘ negative regulation of immune response ⓘ |
| cellularComponent |
external side of plasma membrane
ⓘ
integral component of membrane ⓘ plasma membrane ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Tasuku Honjo NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1992 ⓘ |
| encodedByGene | PDCD1 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| expressedOnCellType |
B cells
ⓘ
T cells ⓘ activated T cells ⓘ dendritic cells ⓘ exhausted T cells ⓘ monocytes ⓘ natural killer cells ⓘ |
| foundInOrganism |
Homo sapiens
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Mus musculus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasDomain |
cytoplasmic tail
ⓘ
extracellular IgV-like domain ⓘ transmembrane domain ⓘ |
| hasLigand |
PD-L1
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
PD-L2 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasMotif |
ITIM motif
ⓘ
ITSM motif ⓘ |
| hasSynonym |
CD279
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
PD-1 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| inhibitionEffect |
enhances anti-tumor immune response
ⓘ
increases T cell proliferation ⓘ increases cytokine production ⓘ |
| lengthInAminoAcids | 288 ⓘ |
| locatedOnChromosome | human chromosome 2q37.3 ⓘ |
| molecularFunction |
inhibitory signaling receptor activity
ⓘ
protein binding ⓘ |
| orthologInMouse | Pdcd1 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| pdbStructureAvailable | true ⓘ |
| postTranslationalModification | N-linked glycosylation ⓘ |
| regulation |
upregulated in chronic antigen stimulation
ⓘ
upregulated upon T cell activation ⓘ |
| roleInTolerance |
prevents autoimmunity
ⓘ
promotes self-tolerance ⓘ |
| signalTransduction |
inhibits CD28 costimulatory signaling
ⓘ
inhibits T cell receptor signaling ⓘ recruits SHP-1 phosphatase ⓘ recruits SHP-2 phosphatase ⓘ |
| targetOfDrug |
camrelizumab
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
cemiplimab NERFINISHED ⓘ nivolumab NERFINISHED ⓘ pembrolizumab ⓘ sintilimab NERFINISHED ⓘ spartalizumab NERFINISHED ⓘ tislelizumab NERFINISHED ⓘ toripalimab NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| therapeuticArea |
cancer immunotherapy
ⓘ
immune checkpoint blockade ⓘ |
| uniprotID | Q15116 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: programmed cell death protein 1 Description of subject: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
PD-1